Adjustment, Drinking, Alcohol, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting
Conditions
Keywords
Parenting, Couple Relationship, Alcohol and Health
Brief summary
This study aims to understand if a parenting program that helps couples learn to parent as a team and maintain a healthy lifestyle, such as maintaining safer levels of alcohol use, promotes parent and child health and well-being. Programs will be delivered prenatally and postnatally and will include both group classes and individualized sessions. A comprehensive assessment is administered during pregnancy and then at 6 and 12 months of child age. It is hypothesized that targeting intervention during the naturally motivating transition to parenthood may not only provide opportunities for long lasting behavioral change for parents, but also initiate a cascade of protective processes that ultimately reduce risk for negative emotional and behavioral outcomes for children.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALHealthy Foundations
Healthy Foundations combines elements of a community-based parent education program with additional information about infant and child development, good parenting practices, parent health behavior, and couple support.
BEHAVIORALFamily Foundations
A modified version of Family Foundations, an evidence-based preventive intervention for couples during the transition to parenthood, will be implemented to address several aspects of parent and family adjustment, including parent health behavior, particularly alcohol use, and couple relationship dynamics, to promote a healthy parenting environment.
Sponsors
Penn State University
Rochester Institute of Technology
University at Buffalo
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
Participants will be asked to participate in a parenting program but will not be informed about which arm of the study they have been assigned. To avoid bias in the evaluation of the interventions, outcome assessors will not be informed about which arm of the study participants have been assigned.
Intervention model description
In both arms, couples will experience a parenting program for expecting first time parents. In one arm, parents will receive an adapted Family Foundations program. In the other arm, parents will receive an empirically supported community parenting program.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Pregnant couples who are cohabitating * Parents are 18 years of age or older * Health behavior such as moderate to heavy drinking * English speaking
Exclusion criteria
* Plural pregnancy * Illicit drug use other than cannabis during pregnancy
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Couple Relationship/Co-parenting | 6 months of child age | Couple relationship will be evaluated through the Co-parenting Relationship Scale. For overall coparenting quality, average responses range from 0 (not true of us/never) to 6 (very true of us/very often). Lower scores indicate worse outcomes. |
| Parent Adjustment | 6 months of child age | Parent adjustment will be assessed with self-report on mental health screenings. The Brief Symptom Inventory is a widely used mental health screening measure. Average responses to the listed symptoms range from 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely) based on how distressing symptoms have been. Higher scores indicate greater intensity of symptoms. |
| Parent Alcohol Use | 6 months of child age | Quantity-frequency of alcohol use (Quantity Frequency Index) and frequency of binge drinking (4 or 5 or more on a single occasion) based on the NIAAA standard drink will be assessed. Higher scores indicate greater quantity and frequency of alcohol use and binge drinking, with moderate drinking being defined as up to 1 standard drink per day for women and up to 2 standard drinks per day for men. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Parent-infant Interactions | 6 and 12 months of child age | Parent-child relations will be measured through the coding of play interaction sessions. Parental warmth, sensitivity, and harshness will be coded during parent-infant interactions. Parents will be asked to spend some time with their infants as they normally would at 6 months. At 12 months, parents will be asked to spend some time with infants as they normally would for the first 5 minutes, and given a series of problem-solving tasks to do with their infants for the next 5 minutes. Warmth (positive affective involvement), sensitivity (e.g., flexibility and contingent responsiveness), and harshness (e.g., intrusive and negative behaviors such as angry/hostile mood and voice, disapproval, and criticism) will be coded based on the global 5-point rating scales of the Early Relational Assessment (Clark, 1999). Higher scores on the rating scales indicate higher frequency of warmth, sensitivity, and harshness. |
| Infant Self-Regulation | 6 and 12 months of child age | The Revised Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ-R, Gartstein \& Rothbart, 2003) will be used to obtain parent reports of infant reactivity/regulation at 6 and 12 months of infant ages. The scale measures three broad dimensions of behavior Surgency/Extraversion, Negative Affectivity, and Orienting/Regulation. The Surgency/Extraversion dimension includes approach, vocal reactivity, high intensity pleasure, smiling and laughter, activity level, and perceptual sensitivity. The Negative Affectivity dimension includes sadness, distress to limitations, fear, and low falling reactivity. The Orienting/Regulation dimension includes low intensity pleasure, cuddliness, duration of orienting, and soothability. Scores range from 1-7 and higher scores on each dimension reflect higher surgency, negative affect, and regulation. Average of maternal and paternal scores on these three broad dimensions will be included as the final outcome measures. |
Countries
United States
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORRina D Eiden, PhD
Penn State
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORStephanie Godleski, PhD
Rochester Institute of Technology
Outcome results
None listed