Detraining, Exercise, Muscle Atrophy, Muscle Weakness
Conditions
Brief summary
While conditioning by exercise training has been widely evaluated, the available literature on passive deconditioning (i.e. forced deconditioning) is predominately limited to studies with or with almost complete mechanical and/or metabolic immobilization/sedation of the respective functional system (e.g. paralysis, bedriddenness). Vice versa, the effects of moderately long interruptions of dedicated types of exercise while maintaining everyday activity are rarely addressed. However, this topic is of high relevance, e.g. considering that breaks of health-related exercise programs due to increased family/occupational stress, vacation or temporary orthopedic limitation are rather frequent in everyday life. In the present project we aimed to determine the effects of 3 months of physical deconditioning due to COVID-19 induced lockdown after 13 month of high intensity endurance and resistance exercise in early postmenopausal women on parameters related to health and physical fitness.
Interventions
OTHERHIT-exercise
13 months of high intensity endurance and resistance exercise, 3x 45 min/week - 3 months of COVID-19 induced exercise break
OTHERSham intervention
Types of exercise (flexibility, relaxation) that did not affect the present outcomes
Sponsors
University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Medical School
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
Outcomes assessors are unaware of participants group status and were not allowed to ask correspondingly
Intervention model description
One exercise versus one control group
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
48 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* (early)postmenopausal women, ( normal menopause, 1-5 years post) * Osteopenia and osteoporosis (Bone Mineral Density \<-1.0 SD T-Score)
Exclusion criteria
* BMD \<-4.0 SD T-Score * Prevalent clinical, low-trauma fractures * Diseases and drugs with relevant effects on bone and muscle metabolism (e.g. glucocorticoids \>7.5 mg/d or bisphosphonate therapy); individual case assessment * Diseases and drugs with relevant effects on cardiometabolic risk factors (e.g. severe hypertension with corresponding medical therapy); individual case assessment * Severe cardiovascular events (e.g. stroke, coronary infarction) in the past. * Other conditions, diseases that exclude exercise training or testing
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Body composition | From intervention end to 3 months FU | Body composition as determined by Dual-Energy x-Ray Absorptiometry |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Hip-/Leg extension strength | From intervention end to 3 months FU | Hip-/Leg extension strength as determined by an isokinetic leg press |
| Metabolic Syndrome | From intervention end to 3 months FU | cardio-metabolic risk factors summarized in the Metabolic Syndrome Z-Score according to the definition of the International Diabetes Federation |
| Bone Mineral Density (BMD) | From intervention end to 3 months FU | BMD at the lumbar spine and total hip as determined by Dual Energy x-Ray Absorptiometry |
| Menopausal symptoms | From intervention end to 3 months FU | Menopausal symptoms as determined by the Menopausal Rating Scale (MRS) with a scale from 0 (no complaints) to 4 (very serious complaints). |
| Back and joint pain | From intervention end to 3 months FU | Back and joint pain as determined by a standardized pain questionnaire with a scale from 0 (never) to 7 (permanent) for pain frequency or 0 (no pain) to 7 (extremely) for pain severity. |
Countries
Germany
Outcome results
None listed