Epilepsy
Conditions
Keywords
attention, memory, cognition, seizure
Brief summary
Methylphenidate (MPH) is a stimulant, FDA-approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is unknown, however, if stimulants would be of benefit for memory and thinking problems due to epilepsy. In this study, participants will be assigned randomly (i.e., by flip of a coin), to a group that takes MPH and a group that takes a placebo (sugar pill). Participants will not know the group to which they have been assigned. Tests of attention and memory will be completed before taking the study pills and at Week 8. All participants will then have the option of taking MPH for the next two months, and attention and memory will be tested again at Week 16. The study will determine whether methylphenidate is helpful for the treatment of attention and memory problems in adults with epilepsy, and whether the medication is safe and beneficial when taken over an extended time period.
Detailed description
The proposed study is a randomized, double-blind trial of MPH vs. placebo in subjects with epilepsy and impaired attention. In the blinded phase, subjects will receive placebo or MPH (titrated to 20mg twice daily) for 8 weeks. Subjects will then receive open-label MPH for 8 weeks (titrated to 20mg twice daily). Cognitive tests will be performed at baseline, Week 8 (the end of the double-blind period), and at Week 16 (the end of the open-label period). The primary aim is to evaluate the efficacy of MPH for the treatment of attentional dysfunction in subjects with epilepsy. It is expected that subjects will have improved attention when taking MPH compared to placebo, measured by the Conner's Continuous Performance Test (CPT). The effects of MPH on other cognitive functions that rely in part on attention, including a composite measure of memory (MCG Paragraph Test), psychomotor speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test), and divided attention, psychomotor speed, and response inhibition (Stroop Color Word Interference Test), will be ascertained. Improved performance when taking MPH compared to placebo is expected. Finally, the study will establish the effect of MPH on overall quality of life. It is hypothesized that there will be improvement in self-reported quality of life with MPH, but no change with placebo, as assessed by the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Patient Inventory. We will evaluate the safety of MPH compared to placebo with respect to seizure frequency. Secondary analyses will determine continued efficacy over an open-label period. To control for practice effects, cognitive performance will be compared to healthy subjects and epilepsy patients without cognitive complaints, who will complete the repeated cognitive measures but remain untreated for the duration of the trial.
Interventions
DRUGMethylphenidate
10mg twice per day, at 8am and 12pm, for one week, then increased to 20mg twice daily, at 8am and 12pm, for the next 7 weeks during the double-blinded period.
OTHERPlacebo
When assigned to receive the placebo during the double-blinded period, subjects will be given a sugar pill for 8 weeks. The sugar pill will be taken twice per day, at 8am and 12pm.
Sponsors
VA Office of Research and Development
VA New York Harbor Healthcare System
Portland VA Medical Center
Miami VA Healthcare System
VA Boston Healthcare System
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
Double-blind, placebo-controlled study. A designated unblinded study team member will perform the randomization and provide group assignment to the local Research Pharmacies. The unblinded study team member and Research Pharmacies will hold the randomization key, while all other individuals are blinded to study group assignment.
Intervention model description
Parallel group (methylphenidate vs. placebo), followed by open-label methylphenidate
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. SUBJECTS WITH EPILEPSY Participants will include adult subjects with focal-onset epilepsy, based on clinical history, imaging studies and ictal and/or interictal EEG interpreted by a clinical epileptologist. Seizures may be symptomatic, idiopathic, traumatic, or non- traumatic in etiology. Subjects must have self-reported cognitive dysfunction. Subjects must also meet the following eligibility criteria: * Age 18 years of age or older; * Capacity to provide informed consent; * Ability to live independently and complete activities of daily living; * Stable seizure frequency at the time of enrollment, such that the subject's treating physician does not believe a change in ASM regimen to be warranted during the trial (ASMs should remain unchanged during the 16 weeks of participation unless absolutely required clinically due an unanticipated change in seizure frequency or severity); * Fluency in written and spoken English. 2. CONTROLS \*DO NOT UNDERGO ANY DRUG OR PLACEBO INTERVENTION Two additional subject groups will be included, to control for effects of repeated testing in the open-label extension phase: healthy subjects and epilepsy patients without cognitive complaints, who will not receive the study drug at any point during the study. Epilepsy patients without cognitive deficits must otherwise meet all of the above criteria. Healthy controls must meet the following inclusion criteria: * Age 18 years or older; * Capacity to provide informed consent; * Ability to live independently and complete activities of daily living; * Fluency in written and spoken English.
Exclusion criteria
SUBJECTS WITH EPILEPSY Subjects with epilepsy with or without cognitive complaints will be excluded from participation for: * Psychogenic, non-epileptic spells * Delirium in the past year * Other progressive neurologic illness (i.e., malignant brain tumor). A benign, stable neoplasm with no plans for resection will not be cause for exclusion. * A history of alcohol or illicit drug abuse; * Generalized tonic-clonic or other generalized motor seizure(s) within 48 hours or focal-onset seizures with impaired awareness within 24 hours of neuropsychological testing; * Status epilepticus in the past year; * Neurosurgery within the past 6 months; * Active suicidal plan/intent in the past 6 months, a history of suicide attempt in the last 2 years, more than 1 lifetime suicide attempt, and/or current high-risk suicide flag in the medical record; * Psychotic disorders * Severe anxiety (\>26 on the Beck Anxiety Inventory \[BAI\]) and impulse control disorders; * Untreated sleep disorders; * Use of narcotic or other sedating medications within 6 hours of testing (i.e., diphenhydramine); * Concurrent severe major medical illness (i.e., cancer requiring chemotherapy or resection) * Prior transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke Subjects with epilepsy will also be excluded for a diagnosis of dementia (i.e., Alzheimer's disease). Subjects with epilepsy and cognitive complaints must have a MoCA score of 18 or greater. Subjects with epilepsy and no cognitive complaints must have a MoCA score of 26 or greater. Subjects with epilepsy and cognitive complaints must meet additional
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Conners Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Following Placebo vs. Methylphenidate | Week 8 | Conners Continuous Performance Test (CPT) d' value, a measure of attention, compared post-placebo vs. post-methylphenidate (MPH) in a double-blind, parallel group, placebo controlled, randomized design |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Composite Measure of Cognition, Following Placebo vs. Methylphenidate | Week 8 | Scores on the MCG Paragraph (immediate and delayed recall), Symbol Digit Modality Test (SDMT), and Stroop tasks will be integrated into an omnibus outcome variable by combining performance based upon z-scores derived from normative tables. The omnibus score will be compared following placebo vs. active drug treatment. |
| Change in Overall Quality of Life, Following Placebo vs. Methylphenidate | Week 8 | Self-reported quality of life, as assessed by the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-89), compared post-placebo vs. post-methylphenidate. Range of scores 0-100, with higher scores representing better quality of life. |
| Change in Composite Measure of Cognition, Post-Open-Label | Week 16 | Scores on the MCG Paragraph (immediate and delayed recall), Symbol Digit Modality Test (SDMT), and Stroop tasks will be integrated into an omnibus outcome variable by combining performance based upon z-scores derived from normative tables. The omnibus score will be compared across baseline, Week 8, and post-open-label (Week 16) |
| Change in Subjective Cognitive Function, Following Placebo vs. Methylphenidate | Week 8 | Self-reported cognitive function, as assessed by the attention/concentration subscale of the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-89), compared post-placebo vs. post-methylphenidate. |
| Change in Subjective Cognitive Function, Post-Open-Label | Week 16 | Self-reported cognitive function, as assessed by the attention/concentration subscale of the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-89), compared across baseline, Week 8, and post-open-label (Week 16) |
| Change in Overall Subjective Quality of Life, Post-Open-Label | Week 16 | Self-reported quality of life, as assessed by the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-89), compared across baseline, Week 8, and post-open-label. Range of scores 0-100, with higher scores representing better quality of life. |
| Effects on Seizure Frequency | Week 8, Week 16 | Seizure occurrence will be recorded in a diary, with frequency compared across baseline, Week 8, and Week 16 |
| Change in Conner's Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Post-Open-Label | Week 16 | Conners Continuous Performance Test (CPT) d' value, a measure of attention, with change compared across baseline, Week 8, and post-open-label (Week 16) |
| Change in Conners Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Comparing Methylphenidate Group to Untreated Controls | Week 8, Week 16 | CPT d' will be compared over the corresponding time periods in the methylphenidate, untreated epilepsy, and healthy control groups |
| Change in Digit Span Following Placebo vs. Methylphenidate | Week 8 | Total Digit Span score, compared post-placebo vs. post-methylphenidate. Range of scores 0-48, with higher scores indicating better performance. |
| Change in Digit Span, Post-Open-Label | Week 16 | Total Digit Span score, with change compared across baseline, Week 8, and post-open-label (Week 16) |
| Visual Paired Comparison Task Novelty Preference Score Following Placebo vs. Methylphenidate | Week 8 | Novelty preference score (range 0-100%), compared post-placebo vs. post-methylphenidate. Higher scores indicate better performance. (Manhattan site only) |
Countries
United States
Contacts
CONTACTBeth A Leeman-Markowski, MD
CONTACTSamantha P Martin, MA
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORBeth A Leeman-Markowski, MD
VA NY Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY
Outcome results
None listed