Depression, Loneliness, Physical Activity, Physical Health, Quality of Life, Social Identification, Well-Being (Psychological Flourishing)
Conditions
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to evaluate different types of exercise programs (virtual group-based exercise program; personal exercise program; wait-list control) across 12-weeks on the physical and mental health of older adults during the current Covid-19 pandemic.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALVirtual Group Intervention
Participants will receive weekly exercise courses delivered virtually to a group of older adults. This intervention will last for 12 weeks. Participants in addition to participating in exercise will have designated time after each exercise class to socially connect. Participants in this condition will also receive a t-shirt.
BEHAVIORALPersonal Exercise Intervention
Participants will receive weekly exercise courses delivered virtually. These classes will be pre-recorded so the individual can complete sessions at any time that is convenient for them.
Sponsors
University of Victoria
University of British Columbia
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
No experimenter or investigator expectancy effects as all assessment occurs online (i.e., online questionnaire). Personnel who analyze the data collected from the study are not aware of the treatment applied to any given group.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
65 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* 65+ years old * be able to speak and read English * one participant in the study per household (Spouses, significant others, or family members can take part in the exercise programs with the study participant; however, they will not be able to provide data and won't be remunerated for participating) * not experience any contraindication which might prevent that person from participating in moderate-intensity physical activity. * participants must be able to access the internet at home via a personal smartphone, tablet (e.g., ipad), or computer (device used must have camera capabilities) * low active individuals (i.e., less than 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week) * currently living in Canada
Exclusion criteria
* age of less than 65 years * unable to read and speak in English * inability to participate in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (including a lack of ability to receive doctor's clearance for participating in physical activity) * lack of internet access which does not allow them to access online materials * device used to access the internet does not have a camera/video capabilities * active individuals (e.g., participate in greater than 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity each week) * living outside Canada * not the first person from a household to enroll in the study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Well-Being (Psychological Flourishing) | Baseline (Week 0), Week 2, Week 4, Week 6, Week 8, Week 10, Follow-up (Week 12) | Well-being will be self reported using an 8-item measure from Diener et al., 2010 |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Stress | Baseline (Week 0), Week 2, Week 4, Week 6, Week 8, Week 10, Follow-up (Week 12) | 1 Item Statistics Canada Stress Question from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2012) |
| Depression | Baseline (Week 0), Week 2, Week 4, Week 6, Week 8, Week 10, Follow-up (Week 12) | 10 Item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) via Andresen et al., 1994 |
| Resilience | Baseline (Week 0), Week 2, Week 4, Week 6, Week 8, Week 10, Follow-up (Week 12) | 6 item Brief Resilience Scale by Smith et al., 2008 |
| Social Identification | Baseline (Week 0), Week 2, Week 4, Week 6, Week 8, Week 10, Follow-up (Week 12) | items adapted from the 4-item scale by Doosje et al., 1995 |
| Social and Emotional Lonliness | Baseline (Week 0), Week 2, Week 4, Week 6, Week 8, Week 10, Follow-up (Week 12) | 11-item scale by De Jong Gierveld et al., 2006 |
| Chronic Illness (Physical Health) | Baseline (Week 0) | question by Charles et al., 2006 adapted from Larsen et al., 1991 |
| Life Satisfaction | Baseline (Week 0), Week 2, Week 4, Week 6, Week 8, Week 10, Follow-up (Week 12) | 1-item question by Fleeson, 2004 |
| Leisure-time physical activity | Baseline (Week 0), Week 2, Week 4, Week 6, Week 8, Week 10, Follow-up (Week 12) | modified version of the Leisure Score Index (LSI; Courneya, Jones, Rhodes, & Blanchard, 2004) that has been applied to Godin's Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ; Godin & Shepard, 1985). |
| Alcohol Habits | Baseline (Week 0), Week 2, Week 4, Week 6, Week 8, Week 10, Follow-up (Week 12) | 3-item measure for alcohol consumption from CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Questionnaire, 1984-2019 |
| Physical Adherence | Looked at each day of the week for 12 weeks to see if a session was attended | Objective measure of attendance in online sessions (interventions conditions only) |
| Affective Attitudes | Baseline (Week 0), Week 2, Week 4, Week 6, Week 8, Week 10, Follow-up (Week 12) | 3 semantic differential items toward physical activity using scale by Azjen, 2006 |
| Demographics | Baseline only (Week 0) | Items addressing sex/gender, age, ethnicity, sexual orientation, chronic conditions, smoking behaviour, height, weight, education level, household income level, employment status, marital status, and living situation (i.e., alone vs. others). |
| Weekly Somatic Symptoms (Physical Health) | Baseline (Week 0), Week 2, Week 4, Week 6, Week 8, Week 10, Follow-up (Week 12) | question by Charles et al., 2006 adapted from Marmot et al., 1997 |
Countries
Canada
Outcome results
None listed