Sun Sensitivity
Conditions
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to: a) identify enablers and barriers to deliberate ultraviolet light exposure by young sexual minority men (SMM), and b) quantify the extent of their deliberate ultraviolet light exposure.
Detailed description
Aim 1: To develop survey items to assess tanning attitudes and behaviors Nine survey items used by the PI in previous deliberate tanning research were adapted with the expert consensus of members of Northwestern's Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing. Discussions with the PI, research personnel and members of the institute developed the hypothesis that in addition to the previously reported appearance motivations young SMM may be engaging in tanning (indoors or outdoors) as a social activity. A tenth survey item was developed to assess deliberate tanning as a social activity. Aim 2: Analyze the tanning attitudes and behavior data acquired in an online survey of young adult sexual minority males, who regularly participate in the RADAR study. RADAR is a longitudinal study with cohorts from the greater Chicago region recruited between 2008 and 2015. The 10 survey items about tanning attitudes and behaviors were added to the online survey that examines SMMs' behavior in the prior 6 months. This is a secondary analysis of registry data acquired by the RADAR study.
Interventions
OTHERno intervention
This is a secondary analysis of registry data.
Sponsors
Northwestern University
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
OTHER
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 39 Years
Inclusion criteria
* Young adult SMM (age 18-39) * Able to read English * Have internet access * Willing to complete the online survey
Exclusion criteria
* None
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Outdoor Tanning Motives | 14 days | The 95 participants who self-reported deliberate tanning responded to 7 online survey items reported in the analysis population description. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Males Who Never Deliberately Tan Registry survey of males responded with a history of never deliberately (intentionallly) tanned | 442 |
| Males Who Ever Deliberately Tanned Registry survey of males responded with a history of ever deliberately (intentionallly) tanned to make their skin appear darker | 95 |
| Total | 537 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Males Who Never Deliberately Tan | Total | Males Who Ever Deliberately Tanned |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 24.71 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.2 | 24.42 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.9 | 24.14 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.8 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 136 Participants | 177 Participants | 41 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 306 Participants | 360 Participants | 54 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Highest level of education college graduate | 94 Participants | 132 Participants | 38 Participants |
| Highest level of education graduate degree | 20 Participants | 21 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Highest level of education high school or less | 108 Participants | 122 Participants | 14 Participants |
| Highest level of education some college | 189 Participants | 221 Participants | 32 Participants |
| Highest level of education some graduate school | 19 Participants | 25 Participants | 6 Participants |
| Highest level of education trade school | 12 Participants | 16 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 15 Participants | 17 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 171 Participants | 180 Participants | 9 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 31 Participants | 40 Participants | 9 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 3 Participants | 3 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 221 Participants | 296 Participants | 75 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 442 participants | 537 participants | 95 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 442 Participants | 537 Participants | 95 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 442 | 0 / 95 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 442 | 0 / 95 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 442 | 0 / 95 |
Outcome results
Primary
Outdoor Tanning Motives
The 95 participants who self-reported deliberate tanning responded to 7 online survey items reported in the analysis population description.
Time frame: 14 days
Population: Responses to 7 survey items using Likert scale \[1= strongly disagree (not at all concerned), 3= neither agree nor disagree, 5= strongly agree (extremely concerned)\] were entered online
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Occasional Tanning | Outdoor Tanning Motives | Go tanning with others as a social activity | 4.09 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.8 |
| Occasional Tanning | Outdoor Tanning Motives | Important to protect skin from the sun | 3.07 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.73 |
| Occasional Tanning | Outdoor Tanning Motives | Most other gay and bisexual guys like me feel more attractive with a tan | 3.64 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.01 |
| Occasional Tanning | Outdoor Tanning Motives | Concern about skin cancer | 2.86 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.86 |
| Occasional Tanning | Outdoor Tanning Motives | Feel more confident with a tan | 3.09 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.8 |
| Occasional Tanning | Outdoor Tanning Motives | Chance of getting skin cancer is high | 3.01 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.88 |
| Occasional Tanning | Outdoor Tanning Motives | Tanning helps me relax | 4.10 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.78 |
| Frequent Tanning | Outdoor Tanning Motives | Chance of getting skin cancer is high | 3.07 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
| Frequent Tanning | Outdoor Tanning Motives | Most other gay and bisexual guys like me feel more attractive with a tan | 3.81 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.05 |
| Frequent Tanning | Outdoor Tanning Motives | Tanning helps me relax | 4.29 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.7 |
| Frequent Tanning | Outdoor Tanning Motives | Feel more confident with a tan | 3.03 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.13 |
| Frequent Tanning | Outdoor Tanning Motives | Important to protect skin from the sun | 3.00 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
| Frequent Tanning | Outdoor Tanning Motives | Concern about skin cancer | 3.00 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.41 |
| Frequent Tanning | Outdoor Tanning Motives | Go tanning with others as a social activity | 4.55 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.31 |
Comparison: feel more attractivep-value: 0.02ANOVA
Comparison: tanning helps relaxp-value: 0.001ANOVA
Comparison: confident with a tanp-value: 0.34ANOVA
Comparison: Social activityp-value: 0.0004ANOVA
Comparison: Important to protect skin from the sunp-value: 0.66ANOVA
Comparison: Concern about develop skin cancerp-value: 0.16ANOVA
Comparison: Chances of getting skin cancer are highp-value: 0.29ANOVA