Smoking Cessation
Conditions
Keywords
smoking cessation, motivation, outcome expectancies, behavioral reinforcers
Brief summary
Chronic cigarette smoking habits often begin in adolescence or early adulthood. 98% of cigarette smokers try their first cigarette before the age of 26. Thus, young adult smokers represent an important target for early smoking cessation intervention. This study tests two interventions designed to increase motivation to quit and decrease smoking behavior. These interventions include: an expectancy challenge approach, which aims to increase negative beliefs about the consequences of smoking; and a behavioral economics approach, which encourages participants to substitute non-smoking behaviors that may still provide reinforcement similar to reinforcement derived from smoking a cigarette.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALExpectancy Challenge
Expectancy challenge intervention (see description in study arms).
BEHAVIORALExpectancy Challenge + Behavioral Activation
Expectancy challenge + behavioral activation interventions (see description in study arms)
BEHAVIORALControl
Neutral reading condition (see description in study arms).
Sponsors
American University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* 18-35 years old * English fluency * Living in the United States * Smoked at least 1 cigarette per week during the past month * Willing to be contacted for 1-month follow up assessment
Exclusion criteria
* N/A
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Quit attempt | 4-week follow up | yes/no, whether or not the participant made a 24-hour (or longer) quit attempt between the date of the main experiment and the date of the 4-week follow-up assessment. |
| Motivation to quit | 4-week follow up | Contemplation ladder score (range 0-10; higher scores indicate more motivation to quit) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Smoking rate | 4-week follow up | past month average self-reported smoking rate |
| Outcome expectancies | 4-week follow up | Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (S-SCQ); expected positive and negative consequences of cigarette smoking (range 0-9; higher scores indicate greater positive or negative expectancies) |
| Behavioral reinforcers | 4-week follow up | Pleasant Events Schedule (PES); reported behaviors that are pleasurable and not associated with smoking/urge to smoke |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed