Obesity, Childhood
Conditions
Brief summary
Purpose: Examine the impact of nutrition claims on parents' decisions to purchase fruit drinks in a randomized controlled trial in an online virtual convenience store (task 1) and examine the impact of added sugar warnings on parents' snack purchasing decisions in a randomized controlled trial in an online virtual convenience store. Participants: Participants will consist of approximately 2,500 individuals 18 and older with at least one child ages 1-5. The child 1-5 who had their birthday most recently must have consumed at least one fruit drink in the previous week. Additionally, they will live in the United States and identify as non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, or Hispanic. The panel research company Kantar will recruit individuals from its pool of potential individuals. Procedures (methods): The investigators will randomize participants to one of 12 versions of a virtual convenience store (iShoppe) and then the participants will complete two shopping tasks in the store. They will select two beverages (task 1) for their child 1-5 who had their birthday most recently, and they will select a snack (task 2) for that same child. After completing the shopping tasks, the participant will complete a survey in Qualtrics. The survey will ask a series of questions about the beverages and snacks (e.g., perceived healthfulness, perceived appeal, intentions to consume products). Questions will also include standard demographic and health related variables.
Detailed description
There are major racial-ethnic disparities in the US childhood obesity epidemic. Among children age 1-5 years, Black children are twice as likely to be obese and Latino children are three times as likely to be obese compared to White children. Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and processed food consumption are major drivers of the childhood obesity epidemic, and an important driver of racial-ethnic obesity disparities. Policies to reduce marketing and require warning labels are important strategies for improving health outcomes among US parents and children at risk for obesity. Understanding the impact of nutrition claims on fruit drink purchases among Black and Latino parents is especially important given pre-existing disparities in early childhood SSB consumption and obesity. However, little is known about the relationship between nutrition claims and SSB purchases among racial-ethnic minorities. Thus, it is important to understand the effect of nutrition claims on racial-ethnic minority parents' purchases of fruit drinks. Another key research gap relates to the impact of warning labels for processed food among this population. Thus, in this study the investigators also aim to test warning labels on food/snack products as part of this study. Setting: The trial will take place in a virtual convenience store setting created for researchers to examine how store and product characteristics influence consumer purchases in a controlled but realistic environment. Recruitment: Participants will be recruited online through Kantar's currently available panel participants. Interested potential participants will complete a screener online, and if they are eligible, they will be redirected to the consent form. Informed consent: Participants will view an online consent form prior to participating in the study, They will acknowledge their consent by proceeding onto the study. Randomization: After acknowledging consent, participants will be randomized to one of 12 versions of the store(see trial arms). Participants will have an equal chance to be randomized to one of the arms of the store. Assessment: Participants will enter the virtual convenience store and be given a shopping task to select 2 beverages (task 1) for their child age 1-5 who celebrated their birthday most recently. The participant will have to select between 100% grape juice and a grape-flavored fruit drink, and they will have to select between water and an apple-flavored fruit drink. After selecting two beverages, the participant will then be directed to complete a snack shopping task (task 2). After completing the two shopping tasks, the participant will be redirected to an online survey to complete. Participation in the study will last approximately 15-18 minutes. Trial arms: All participants will complete two shopping tasks where they have to (1) choose between a grape fruit drink and a 100% grape juice, and choose between an apple fruit drink and water, and (2) choose between a snack with a nutrient warning label or a snack with no warning label. There will be 4 versions of the fruit drinks that participants will be randomized to. They will see either a fruit drink with no claim (control) or a fruit drink with 1 of 3 claims (No artificial sweeteners, 100% vitamin c daily value, 100% all natural). For the snack with the nutrient warning label, participants will see either a control label (barcode) or a nutrient warning label (text or graphic).
Interventions
BEHAVIORALExperimental Drink: Nutrition claim on fruit drinks
Fruit drink contains a nutrition claim (task 1)
BEHAVIORALControl Drink: No nutrition claim
Fruit drinks does not contain a nutrition claim (task 1)
BEHAVIORALExperimental snack: Text warning
The snack contains a text warning (task 2)
BEHAVIORALExperimental snack: Graphic warning
The snack contains a graphic warning (task 2)
BEHAVIORALControl snack: barcode label
The snack contains a neutral barcode label (task 2)
Sponsors
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 99 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Be 18 years or older * Currently reside in the US * Be a Kantar panel member * have at least one child aged 1-5 * Child 1-5 with the most recent birthday must have consumed at least one fruit drink in the previous week (7 days) * Self-identify as non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, or Hispanic any race
Exclusion criteria
\-
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Percent of Participants Who Selected the Grape-Flavored Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | During virtual shopping task which will last ~5 minutes | Measured as percent of participants selecting grape-flavored fruit drink rather than 100% grape juice (objectively measured). |
| Percent of Participants Who Selected the Lower Sugar Granola Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | During virtual shopping task which will last ~5 minutes | Measured as percent of participants selecting lower sugar granola snack rather than higher sugar granola snack (objectively measured). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Teaspoons of Added Sugar Participants Think the Fruit Drink Contains (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | Amount of added sugar people think the product contains. Measured by response to the questions, A can of regular soda contains 8 teaspoons of added sugar. How many teaspoons of added sugar do you think this beverage has? Response is free text entry limited to 0-100 (# of teaspoons). This question is only asked if the participant believes the product has added sugar (see outcome 3). |
| Mean Percent of Fruit Juice That Participants Believe the Fruit Drink Contains (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | The mean percentage of fruit juice participants think the product contains. Measured by response to the question, What percentage of this beverage do you think is fruit juice? Response is a sliding scale 0 - 100 (percent fruit juice). This question is only asked if the participant does not believe the drink is 100% fruit juice (see outcome 4). |
| Perceived Misleadingness of Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | Perceived misleadingness of the fruit drink as determined by asking the question, This beverage is 20% fruit juice and contains 39 grams of added sugar. How misleading do you think the information on this product is? The response options are on a scale: 1 = Not at all misleading…5 = Extremely misleading. |
| Perceived Product Healthfulness of Fruit Drink for Child's Daily Consumption (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | Perceived product healthfulness as determined by asking the question, How healthy or unhealthy would it be for \[child you shopped for\] to drink this beverage every day? The response options are on a scale: 1 = Very unhealthy...5= Very healthy. |
| Interest in Giving the Fruit Drink to One's Child (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | Interest in giving fruit drinks to one's child as determined by asking the question, How likely would you be to give this beverage to your child? The response options are on a scale: 1 = Not at all likely…5 = Extremely likely) |
| Percent of Participants Who Selected Apple-flavored Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | During virtual shopping task which will last ~5 minutes | Measured as percent of participants selecting apple-flavored fruit drink rather than water (objectively measured). |
| Perceived Appeal of Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | Perceived appeal of fruit drink as determined by asking the question, How appealing would your child find this beverage? The response options are on a scale: 1 = Very unappealing…5=Very appealing. |
| Interest in Consuming the Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | Interest in consuming the fruit drink as determined by asking the questions, How likely would you be to drink. this beverage? The response options are on a scale: 1 = Not at all likely…5= Extremely likely. |
| Relative Harm of the Fruit Drink Compared to Soda (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | Relative harm of the fruit drink compared to soda as determined by asking the question, Compared to regular (non-diet) soda, this beverage is… The response options are on a scale: 1 = Much less healthy…5 = Much healthier. |
| Relative Harm of the Fruit Drink Compared to 100% Fruit Juice (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | Relative harm of the fruit drink compared to 100% fruit juice as determined by asking the question, Compared to 100% fruit juice, this beverage is… The response options are on a scale: 1 = Much less healthy…5 = Much healthier. |
| Perceived Product Healthfulness of Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | Perceived product healthfulness of the snack as determined by asking, How healthy would it be for your child to eat this snack every day? The response options are on a scale: 1=very unhealthy…5=very healthy. |
| Product Appeal of Snack for One's Child (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | Product appeal of the snack as determined by asking, How appealing would your child find this snack? The response options are on a scale: 1=very unappealing…5=very appealing. |
| Percent of Participants Who Misperceive That the Fruit Drink Does Not Have Added Sugar (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | The percent of participants who hold the misperception that the fruit drink does not have added sugar. Measured by response to the question, Do you think this beverage has added sugar? Response options are yes/no. Misperception coded as no. |
| Intentions to Purchase the Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | Intentions to purchase snack as determined by asking, How likely would you be to buy this snack in the next week? The response options are on a scale: 1=not at all likely…5=extremely likely. |
| Intentions to Consume the Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | Intentions to consume snack as determined by asking, How likely would you be to consume this snack? The response options are on a scale: 1=not at all likely….5=extremely likely. |
| Percent of Participants Able to Identify the Healthier Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | Correct identification of healthier snack, as measured by response to the question Which of these snacks would be healthier for your child? Response options include the snack product with the added sugar warning and the snack product without the sugar warning. snack without the added sugar warning = healthier snack |
| Percent of Participants Able to Identify the Snack With Higher Amount of Added Sugar (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | Correct identification of snack with higher added sugar, as measured by response to the question Which of these snacks is higher in added sugar? Response options include the snack product with the added sugar warning and the snack product without the sugar warning. snack with added sugar warning = snack with higher amount of added sugar |
| Percent of Participants Who Intend to Purchase the Snack With Higher Added Sugar (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | Intentions to purchase snack with higher added sugar, as measured by response to the question, Which of these snacks would you most want to buy for your child? Response options include the snack product with the added sugar warning and the snack product without the sugar warning. snack with added sugar warning = snack with higher amount of added sugar |
| Perceived Message Effectiveness of Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | Perceived message effectiveness as measured by average response to three questions: 1. How much does this label make you concerned about the health effects of consuming this product? The response options are on a scale: 1=not at all…5=a great deal. 2. How much does this label make consuming this product seem unpleasant to you? The response options are on a scale: 1=not at all…5=a great deal. 3. How much does this label discourage you from wanting to consume this product? The response options are on a scale: 1=not at all…5=a great deal. |
| Social Reactions to Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | Anticipated social reactions as measured by response to questions, How likely are you to talk about this label with others in the next week? The response options are on a scale: 1= not at all likely…5=extremely likely. |
| Percent of Participants Who Learned Something New About the Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | Percent who learned something new about the snack as measured by the question, Did you learn something new from this label The response options are yes/no. Yes indicates the participant learned something new. |
| Snack Grabbed the Participant's Attention (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | The extent to which the snack grabbed the participant's attention as measured by the question, How much does this label grab your attention? The response options are on a scale:1=not at all…5=a great deal. |
| Label on Snack Makes Participant Feel Scared (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | The extent to which the snack made the participant feel scared as measured by the questions, How much does this label make you feel scared? The response options are on a scale: 1=not at all…5=a great deal. |
| Thinking About the Health Effects of the Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | The extent to which the snack made the participant think about the health effects of the snack as measured by the question, How much does this label make you think about the health problems caused by eating this snack? The response options are on a scale: 1=not at all…5=a great deal. |
| Participant Intentions to Give Snack to One's Child (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | Intentions to give snack to child as determined by asking, How likely would you be to give this snack to your child? The response options are on a scale: 1=not at all likely…5=extremely likely. |
| Percent of Participants Who Misperceive That the Fruit Drink is 100% Fruit Juice (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task. | The percent of participants who hold the misperception that the fruit drink is 100% fruit juice. Measured by response to the question, Do you think this beverage is 100% fruit juice? Response options are yes/no. Misperception coded as yes. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Control Beverage, Text Snack The participant will see fruit drinks with no nutrition claims (task 1). They will see a snack with a text warning WARNING: High in added sugar (task 2). | 185 |
| Control Beverage, Control Snack The participant will see fruit drinks with no nutrition claims (task 1). They will see a snack with a barcode label (control label) (task 2). | 190 |
| Control Beverage, Graphic Snack The participant will see fruit drinks with no nutrition claims (task 1). They will see a snack with a graphic label (image of sugar cubes in a cup) along with the text WARNING: High in added sugar (task 2). | 190 |
| Claim 1 Beverage, Text Snack The participant will see fruit drinks with the nutrition claim No Artificial Sweeteners (task 1). They will see a snack with a text warning WARNING: High in added sugar (task 2). | 183 |
| Claim 1 Beverage, Control Snack The participant will see fruit drinks with the nutrition claim No Artificial Sweeteners (task 1). They will see a snack with a barcode label (control label) (task 2). | 191 |
| Claim 1 Beverage, Graphic Snack The participant will see fruit drinks with the nutrition claim No Artificial Sweeteners (task 1). They will see a snack with a graphic label (image of sugar cubes in a cup) along with the text WARNING: High in added sugar (task 2). | 180 |
| Claim 2 Beverage, Text Snack The participants will see fruit drinks with the nutrition claim 100% Vitamin C daily value (task 1). They will see a snack with a text warning WARNING: High in added sugar (task 2). | 184 |
| Claim 2 Beverage, Control Snack The participants will see fruit drinks with the nutrition claim 100% Vitamin C daily value (task 1). They will see a snack with a barcode label (control label) (task 2). | 177 |
| Claim 2 Beverage, Graphic Snack The participants will see fruit drinks with the nutrition claim 100% Vitamin C daily value (task 1). They will see a snack with a graphic label (image of sugar cubes in a cup) along with the text WARNING: High in added sugar (task 2). | 195 |
| Claim 3 Beverage, Text Snack The participants will see fruit drinks with the nutrition claim 100% All Natural (task 1). They will see a snack with a text warning WARNING: High in added sugar (task 2). | 188 |
| Claim 3 Beverage, Control Snack The participants will see fruit drinks with the nutrition claim 100% All Natural (task 1). They will see a snack with a barcode label (control label) (task 2). | 183 |
| Claim 3 Beverage, Graphic Snack The participants will see fruit drinks with the nutrition claim 100% All Natural (task 1). They will see a snack with a graphic label (image of sugar cubes in a cup) along with the text WARNING: High in added sugar (task 2). | 173 |
| Total | 2,219 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Total | Control Beverage, Control Snack | Control Beverage, Graphic Snack | Claim 1 Beverage, Text Snack | Control Beverage, Text Snack | Claim 1 Beverage, Control Snack | Claim 1 Beverage, Graphic Snack | Claim 2 Beverage, Text Snack | Claim 2 Beverage, Control Snack | Claim 2 Beverage, Graphic Snack | Claim 3 Beverage, Text Snack | Claim 3 Beverage, Control Snack | Claim 3 Beverage, Graphic Snack |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical Age <=18 years | 4 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Age >=65 years | 2 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Age Between 18 and 65 years | 2213 Participants | 190 Participants | 190 Participants | 183 Participants | 184 Participants | 190 Participants | 180 Participants | 184 Participants | 177 Participants | 194 Participants | 188 Participants | 181 Participants | 172 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 735 Participants | 63 Participants | 64 Participants | 62 Participants | 60 Participants | 56 Participants | 53 Participants | 67 Participants | 62 Participants | 62 Participants | 66 Participants | 58 Participants | 62 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 1484 Participants | 127 Participants | 126 Participants | 121 Participants | 125 Participants | 135 Participants | 127 Participants | 117 Participants | 115 Participants | 133 Participants | 122 Participants | 125 Participants | 111 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 15 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 3 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 15 Participants | 2 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 472 Participants | 49 Participants | 41 Participants | 39 Participants | 42 Participants | 32 Participants | 39 Participants | 35 Participants | 38 Participants | 46 Participants | 32 Participants | 39 Participants | 40 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 46 Participants | 5 Participants | 5 Participants | 4 Participants | 5 Participants | 2 Participants | 5 Participants | 2 Participants | 3 Participants | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 7 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 5 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 95 Participants | 9 Participants | 4 Participants | 7 Participants | 9 Participants | 6 Participants | 5 Participants | 11 Participants | 7 Participants | 7 Participants | 12 Participants | 10 Participants | 8 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 1571 Participants | 124 Participants | 137 Participants | 131 Participants | 129 Participants | 149 Participants | 128 Participants | 132 Participants | 126 Participants | 136 Participants | 139 Participants | 123 Participants | 117 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Gender Man | 768 Participants | 61 Participants | 67 Participants | 63 Participants | 56 Participants | 70 Participants | 69 Participants | 66 Participants | 58 Participants | 62 Participants | 75 Participants | 63 Participants | 58 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Gender Transgender or other gender identity | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Gender Woman | 1402 Participants | 129 Participants | 121 Participants | 113 Participants | 126 Participants | 115 Participants | 108 Participants | 114 Participants | 111 Participants | 128 Participants | 108 Participants | 115 Participants | 114 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk | EG004 affected / at risk | EG005 affected / at risk | EG006 affected / at risk | EG007 affected / at risk | EG008 affected / at risk | EG009 affected / at risk | EG010 affected / at risk | EG011 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 200 | 0 / 205 | 0 / 199 | 0 / 197 | 0 / 199 | 0 / 195 | 0 / 194 | 0 / 193 | 0 / 214 | 0 / 198 | 0 / 192 | 0 / 188 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 200 | 0 / 205 | 0 / 199 | 0 / 197 | 0 / 199 | 0 / 195 | 0 / 194 | 0 / 193 | 0 / 214 | 0 / 198 | 0 / 192 | 0 / 188 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 200 | 0 / 205 | 0 / 199 | 0 / 197 | 0 / 199 | 0 / 195 | 0 / 194 | 0 / 193 | 0 / 214 | 0 / 198 | 0 / 192 | 0 / 188 |
Outcome results
Primary
Percent of Participants Who Selected the Grape-Flavored Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1)
Measured as percent of participants selecting grape-flavored fruit drink rather than 100% grape juice (objectively measured).
Time frame: During virtual shopping task which will last ~5 minutes
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Selected the Grape-Flavored Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 32 percentage of participants |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Selected the Grape-Flavored Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 45 percentage of participants |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Selected the Grape-Flavored Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 51 percentage of participants |
| Claim 3 Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Selected the Grape-Flavored Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 54 percentage of participants |
Comparison: beverages with claim compared to control beveragep-value: <0.001Regression, Logistic
Primary
Percent of Participants Who Selected the Lower Sugar Granola Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2)
Measured as percent of participants selecting lower sugar granola snack rather than higher sugar granola snack (objectively measured).
Time frame: During virtual shopping task which will last ~5 minutes
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Selected the Lower Sugar Granola Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 66 percentage of participants |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Selected the Lower Sugar Granola Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 79 percentage of participants |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Selected the Lower Sugar Granola Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 82 percentage of participants |
Comparison: snacks with warning compared to control snackp-value: <0.001Regression, Logistic
Secondary
Intentions to Consume the Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2)
Intentions to consume snack as determined by asking, How likely would you be to consume this snack? The response options are on a scale: 1=not at all likely….5=extremely likely.
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: Data provided for those participants who responded to this optional question
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Intentions to Consume the Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 3.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Intentions to Consume the Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 2.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Intentions to Consume the Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 2.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
Comparison: warning snacks compared to control snackp-value: <0.001Regression, Linear
Secondary
Intentions to Purchase the Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2)
Intentions to purchase snack as determined by asking, How likely would you be to buy this snack in the next week? The response options are on a scale: 1=not at all likely…5=extremely likely.
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: Data provided for those participants who responded to this optional question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Intentions to Purchase the Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 3.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Intentions to Purchase the Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 2.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Intentions to Purchase the Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 2.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
Comparison: warning snacks compared to control snackp-value: <0.001Regression, Linear
Secondary
Interest in Consuming the Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1)
Interest in consuming the fruit drink as determined by asking the questions, How likely would you be to drink. this beverage? The response options are on a scale: 1 = Not at all likely…5= Extremely likely.
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: Data provided for those participants who responded to this optional question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Interest in Consuming the Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 3.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Interest in Consuming the Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 3.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Interest in Consuming the Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 3.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Claim 3 Beverage | Interest in Consuming the Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 3.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
Comparison: beverages with claim compared to control beveragep-value: <0.001Regression, Linear
Secondary
Interest in Giving the Fruit Drink to One's Child (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1)
Interest in giving fruit drinks to one's child as determined by asking the question, How likely would you be to give this beverage to your child? The response options are on a scale: 1 = Not at all likely…5 = Extremely likely)
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: Data provided for those participants who responded to this optional question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Interest in Giving the Fruit Drink to One's Child (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 3.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Interest in Giving the Fruit Drink to One's Child (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 3.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Interest in Giving the Fruit Drink to One's Child (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 3.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
| Claim 3 Beverage | Interest in Giving the Fruit Drink to One's Child (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 3.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
Comparison: beverages with claim compared to control beveragep-value: <0.001Regression, Linear
Secondary
Label on Snack Makes Participant Feel Scared (Snack Experimental Task 2)
The extent to which the snack made the participant feel scared as measured by the questions, How much does this label make you feel scared? The response options are on a scale: 1=not at all…5=a great deal.
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: Data provided for those participants who responded to this optional question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Label on Snack Makes Participant Feel Scared (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 1.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Label on Snack Makes Participant Feel Scared (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 3.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Label on Snack Makes Participant Feel Scared (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 3.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
Comparison: warning snacks compared to control snackp-value: <0.001Regression, Linear
Secondary
Mean Percent of Fruit Juice That Participants Believe the Fruit Drink Contains (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1)
The mean percentage of fruit juice participants think the product contains. Measured by response to the question, What percentage of this beverage do you think is fruit juice? Response is a sliding scale 0 - 100 (percent fruit juice). This question is only asked if the participant does not believe the drink is 100% fruit juice (see outcome 4).
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: This question is only asked of those participants who believe the product is not 100 percent fruit juice.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Mean Percent of Fruit Juice That Participants Believe the Fruit Drink Contains (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 35.4 percentage of fruit juice | Standard Deviation 23 |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Mean Percent of Fruit Juice That Participants Believe the Fruit Drink Contains (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 46.3 percentage of fruit juice | Standard Deviation 24.4 |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Mean Percent of Fruit Juice That Participants Believe the Fruit Drink Contains (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 40.8 percentage of fruit juice | Standard Deviation 24.7 |
| Claim 3 Beverage | Mean Percent of Fruit Juice That Participants Believe the Fruit Drink Contains (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 43.9 percentage of fruit juice | Standard Deviation 25.4 |
Comparison: beverages with claim compared to control beveragep-value: <0.001Regression, Linear
Secondary
Number of Teaspoons of Added Sugar Participants Think the Fruit Drink Contains (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1)
Amount of added sugar people think the product contains. Measured by response to the questions, A can of regular soda contains 8 teaspoons of added sugar. How many teaspoons of added sugar do you think this beverage has? Response is free text entry limited to 0-100 (# of teaspoons). This question is only asked if the participant believes the product has added sugar (see outcome 3).
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: This question is only asked of those participants who believe the product has added sugar.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Number of Teaspoons of Added Sugar Participants Think the Fruit Drink Contains (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 6.4 teaspoons | Standard Deviation 3.8 |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Number of Teaspoons of Added Sugar Participants Think the Fruit Drink Contains (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 5.8 teaspoons | Standard Deviation 3.4 |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Number of Teaspoons of Added Sugar Participants Think the Fruit Drink Contains (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 5.7 teaspoons | Standard Deviation 3.8 |
| Claim 3 Beverage | Number of Teaspoons of Added Sugar Participants Think the Fruit Drink Contains (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 5.9 teaspoons | Standard Deviation 4.4 |
Comparison: Beverages with claim compared to control beveragep-value: <0.01Regression, Linear
Secondary
Participant Intentions to Give Snack to One's Child (Snack Experimental Task 2)
Intentions to give snack to child as determined by asking, How likely would you be to give this snack to your child? The response options are on a scale: 1=not at all likely…5=extremely likely.
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: Data provided for those participants who responded to this optional question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Participant Intentions to Give Snack to One's Child (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 3.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Participant Intentions to Give Snack to One's Child (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 2.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Participant Intentions to Give Snack to One's Child (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 2.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
Comparison: warning snacks compared to control snackp-value: <0.001Regression, Linear
Secondary
Perceived Appeal of Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1)
Perceived appeal of fruit drink as determined by asking the question, How appealing would your child find this beverage? The response options are on a scale: 1 = Very unappealing…5=Very appealing.
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: Data provided for those participants who responded to this optional question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Perceived Appeal of Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 4.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1 |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Perceived Appeal of Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 4.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Perceived Appeal of Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 4.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.8 |
| Claim 3 Beverage | Perceived Appeal of Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 4.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
Comparison: beverages with claim compared to control beveragep-value: <0.01Regression, Linear
Secondary
Perceived Message Effectiveness of Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2)
Perceived message effectiveness as measured by average response to three questions: 1. How much does this label make you concerned about the health effects of consuming this product? The response options are on a scale: 1=not at all…5=a great deal. 2. How much does this label make consuming this product seem unpleasant to you? The response options are on a scale: 1=not at all…5=a great deal. 3. How much does this label discourage you from wanting to consume this product? The response options are on a scale: 1=not at all…5=a great deal.
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: Data provided for those participants who responded to this optional question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Perceived Message Effectiveness of Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 2.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Perceived Message Effectiveness of Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 4.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Perceived Message Effectiveness of Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 4.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.8 |
Comparison: warning snacks compared to control snackp-value: <0.001Regression, Linear
Secondary
Perceived Misleadingness of Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1)
Perceived misleadingness of the fruit drink as determined by asking the question, This beverage is 20% fruit juice and contains 39 grams of added sugar. How misleading do you think the information on this product is? The response options are on a scale: 1 = Not at all misleading…5 = Extremely misleading.
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: Data provided for those participants who responded to this optional question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Perceived Misleadingness of Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 3.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Perceived Misleadingness of Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 3.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Perceived Misleadingness of Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 3.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
| Claim 3 Beverage | Perceived Misleadingness of Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 3.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
Comparison: beverages with claim compared to control beveragep-value: <0.001Regression, Linear
Secondary
Perceived Product Healthfulness of Fruit Drink for Child's Daily Consumption (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1)
Perceived product healthfulness as determined by asking the question, How healthy or unhealthy would it be for \[child you shopped for\] to drink this beverage every day? The response options are on a scale: 1 = Very unhealthy...5= Very healthy.
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: Data provided for those participants who responded to this optional question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Perceived Product Healthfulness of Fruit Drink for Child's Daily Consumption (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 3.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Perceived Product Healthfulness of Fruit Drink for Child's Daily Consumption (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 3.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Perceived Product Healthfulness of Fruit Drink for Child's Daily Consumption (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 3.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
| Claim 3 Beverage | Perceived Product Healthfulness of Fruit Drink for Child's Daily Consumption (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 3.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
Comparison: beverages with claim compared to control beveragep-value: <0.001Regression, Linear
Secondary
Perceived Product Healthfulness of Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2)
Perceived product healthfulness of the snack as determined by asking, How healthy would it be for your child to eat this snack every day? The response options are on a scale: 1=very unhealthy…5=very healthy.
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: Data provided for those participants who responded to this optional question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Perceived Product Healthfulness of Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 3.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Perceived Product Healthfulness of Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 2.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Perceived Product Healthfulness of Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 2.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
Comparison: warning snacks compared to control snackp-value: <0.001Regression, Linear
Secondary
Percent of Participants Able to Identify the Healthier Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2)
Correct identification of healthier snack, as measured by response to the question Which of these snacks would be healthier for your child? Response options include the snack product with the added sugar warning and the snack product without the sugar warning. snack without the added sugar warning = healthier snack
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: Data provided for those participants who responded to this optional question
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Percent of Participants Able to Identify the Healthier Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 59 percentage of participants |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Percent of Participants Able to Identify the Healthier Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 87 percentage of participants |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Percent of Participants Able to Identify the Healthier Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 87 percentage of participants |
Comparison: warning snacks compared to control snackp-value: <0.001Regression, Linear
Secondary
Percent of Participants Able to Identify the Snack With Higher Amount of Added Sugar (Snack Experimental Task 2)
Correct identification of snack with higher added sugar, as measured by response to the question Which of these snacks is higher in added sugar? Response options include the snack product with the added sugar warning and the snack product without the sugar warning. snack with added sugar warning = snack with higher amount of added sugar
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: Data provided for those participants who responded to this optional question
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Percent of Participants Able to Identify the Snack With Higher Amount of Added Sugar (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 44 percentage of participants |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Percent of Participants Able to Identify the Snack With Higher Amount of Added Sugar (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 79 percentage of participants |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Percent of Participants Able to Identify the Snack With Higher Amount of Added Sugar (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 74 percentage of participants |
Comparison: warning snacks compared to control snackp-value: <0.001Regression, Linear
Secondary
Percent of Participants Who Intend to Purchase the Snack With Higher Added Sugar (Snack Experimental Task 2)
Intentions to purchase snack with higher added sugar, as measured by response to the question, Which of these snacks would you most want to buy for your child? Response options include the snack product with the added sugar warning and the snack product without the sugar warning. snack with added sugar warning = snack with higher amount of added sugar
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: Data provided for those participants who responded to this optional question
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Intend to Purchase the Snack With Higher Added Sugar (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 38 percentage of participants |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Intend to Purchase the Snack With Higher Added Sugar (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 12 percentage of participants |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Intend to Purchase the Snack With Higher Added Sugar (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 13 percentage of participants |
Comparison: warning snacks compared to control snackp-value: <0.001Regression, Linear
Secondary
Percent of Participants Who Learned Something New About the Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2)
Percent who learned something new about the snack as measured by the question, Did you learn something new from this label The response options are yes/no. Yes indicates the participant learned something new.
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: Data provided for those participants who responded to this optional question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Learned Something New About the Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 24 percentage of participants |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Learned Something New About the Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 75 percentage of participants |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Learned Something New About the Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 77 percentage of participants |
Comparison: warning snacks compared to control snackp-value: <0.001Regression, Linear
Secondary
Percent of Participants Who Misperceive That the Fruit Drink Does Not Have Added Sugar (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1)
The percent of participants who hold the misperception that the fruit drink does not have added sugar. Measured by response to the question, Do you think this beverage has added sugar? Response options are yes/no. Misperception coded as no.
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: Data provided for those participants who responded to this optional question
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Misperceive That the Fruit Drink Does Not Have Added Sugar (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 12 percentage of participants |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Misperceive That the Fruit Drink Does Not Have Added Sugar (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 42 percentage of participants |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Misperceive That the Fruit Drink Does Not Have Added Sugar (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 22 percentage of participants |
| Claim 3 Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Misperceive That the Fruit Drink Does Not Have Added Sugar (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 47 percentage of participants |
Comparison: beverages with claim compared to control beveragep-value: <0.001Regression, Logistic
Secondary
Percent of Participants Who Misperceive That the Fruit Drink is 100% Fruit Juice (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1)
The percent of participants who hold the misperception that the fruit drink is 100% fruit juice. Measured by response to the question, Do you think this beverage is 100% fruit juice? Response options are yes/no. Misperception coded as yes.
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: Data provided for those participants who responded to this optional question
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Misperceive That the Fruit Drink is 100% Fruit Juice (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 22 percentage of participants |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Misperceive That the Fruit Drink is 100% Fruit Juice (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 36 percentage of participants |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Misperceive That the Fruit Drink is 100% Fruit Juice (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 35 percentage of participants |
| Claim 3 Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Misperceive That the Fruit Drink is 100% Fruit Juice (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 56 percentage of participants |
Comparison: beverages with claim compared to control beveragep-value: <0.001Regression, Logistic
Secondary
Percent of Participants Who Selected Apple-flavored Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1)
Measured as percent of participants selecting apple-flavored fruit drink rather than water (objectively measured).
Time frame: During virtual shopping task which will last ~5 minutes
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Selected Apple-flavored Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 55 percentage of participants |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Selected Apple-flavored Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 61 percentage of participants |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Selected Apple-flavored Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 60 percentage of participants |
| Claim 3 Beverage | Percent of Participants Who Selected Apple-flavored Fruit Drink (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 62 percentage of participants |
Comparison: beverages with claim compared to control beveragep-value: <0.01Regression, Logistic
Secondary
Product Appeal of Snack for One's Child (Snack Experimental Task 2)
Product appeal of the snack as determined by asking, How appealing would your child find this snack? The response options are on a scale: 1=very unappealing…5=very appealing.
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: Data provided for those participants who responded to this optional question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Product Appeal of Snack for One's Child (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 3.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Product Appeal of Snack for One's Child (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 3.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Product Appeal of Snack for One's Child (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 3.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
Comparison: warning snacks compared to control snackp-value: <0.001Regression, Linear
Secondary
Relative Harm of the Fruit Drink Compared to 100% Fruit Juice (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1)
Relative harm of the fruit drink compared to 100% fruit juice as determined by asking the question, Compared to 100% fruit juice, this beverage is… The response options are on a scale: 1 = Much less healthy…5 = Much healthier.
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: Data provided for those participants who responded to this optional question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Relative Harm of the Fruit Drink Compared to 100% Fruit Juice (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 2.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Relative Harm of the Fruit Drink Compared to 100% Fruit Juice (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 2.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Relative Harm of the Fruit Drink Compared to 100% Fruit Juice (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 2.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Claim 3 Beverage | Relative Harm of the Fruit Drink Compared to 100% Fruit Juice (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 3.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
Comparison: beverages with claim compared to control beveragep-value: <0.001Regression, Linear
Secondary
Relative Harm of the Fruit Drink Compared to Soda (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1)
Relative harm of the fruit drink compared to soda as determined by asking the question, Compared to regular (non-diet) soda, this beverage is… The response options are on a scale: 1 = Much less healthy…5 = Much healthier.
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: Data provided for those participants who responded to this optional question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Relative Harm of the Fruit Drink Compared to Soda (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 3.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Relative Harm of the Fruit Drink Compared to Soda (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 3.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.8 |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Relative Harm of the Fruit Drink Compared to Soda (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 3.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Claim 3 Beverage | Relative Harm of the Fruit Drink Compared to Soda (Fruit Drink Experimental Task 1) | 4.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
Comparison: beverages with claim compared to control beveragep-value: <0.001Regression, Linear
Secondary
Snack Grabbed the Participant's Attention (Snack Experimental Task 2)
The extent to which the snack grabbed the participant's attention as measured by the question, How much does this label grab your attention? The response options are on a scale:1=not at all…5=a great deal.
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: Data provided for those participants who responded to this optional question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Snack Grabbed the Participant's Attention (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 2.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Snack Grabbed the Participant's Attention (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 4.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Snack Grabbed the Participant's Attention (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 4.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
Comparison: warning snacks compared to control snackp-value: <0.001Regression, Linear
Secondary
Social Reactions to Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2)
Anticipated social reactions as measured by response to questions, How likely are you to talk about this label with others in the next week? The response options are on a scale: 1= not at all likely…5=extremely likely.
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: Data provided for those participants who responded to this optional question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Social Reactions to Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 2.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Social Reactions to Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 3.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Social Reactions to Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 3.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
Comparison: warning snacks compared to control snackp-value: <0.001Regression, Linear
Secondary
Thinking About the Health Effects of the Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2)
The extent to which the snack made the participant think about the health effects of the snack as measured by the question, How much does this label make you think about the health problems caused by eating this snack? The response options are on a scale: 1=not at all…5=a great deal.
Time frame: 13-15 minutes post-test computer survey following the ~5 minute virtual shopping task.
Population: Data provided for those participants who responded to this optional question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Beverage | Thinking About the Health Effects of the Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 2.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Claim 1 Beverage | Thinking About the Health Effects of the Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 4.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1 |
| Claim 2 Beverage | Thinking About the Health Effects of the Snack (Snack Experimental Task 2) | 4.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1 |
Comparison: warning snacks compared to control snackp-value: <0.001Regression, Linear