Gummy Smile, Orthodontic Treatment
Conditions
Keywords
Gingival display, Tooth extraction, Dental esthetics, Corrective orthodontics
Brief summary
To investigate and compare vertical gingival display (VGD) changes associated with upper premolars extraction during orthodontic treatment.
Detailed description
Seventy-six subjects who met the inclusion criteria were divided into one of 3 groups according to their treatment modalities as follows: group 1: upper first premolars extraction (24 patients, aged 21.56±3.19 years); group 2: upper second premolars extraction (26 patients, aged 22.16±3.59 years) and group 3: no orthodontic intervention was performed (happy with their teeth) (26 subjects, aged 20.45±3.29 years). Initial records (radiographs, study casts and clinical photographs) were taken for all subjects. The same records were taken post treatment for treated subjects only. The Pre- and post- treatment VGD and lip length in static and dynamic positions and the amount of upper teeth retractions were recorded. The paired t-test and ANOVA test were used to detect treatment changes and differences between studied groups, respectively. Factors affecting VGD were investigated using backward stepwise linear regression analysis.
Interventions
PROCEDUREUpper first premolars extractions
Fixed orthodontic treatment with upper first premolars extraction and space closure using 0.019X0.025 SS AW and elastic chain.
PROCEDUREUpper second premolars extraction
Fixed orthodontic treatment with upper second premolars extraction and space closure using 0.019X0.025 SS AW and elastic chain.
Sponsors
Jordan University of Science and Technology
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
Study casts and cephalometric analysis were performed by different person (D. T.) who did not know to which group the patient belongs. Records were given numbers.
Intervention model description
Group 1: upper first premolars extraction (24 patients) Group 2: upper second premolars extraction (26 patients) and Group 3: no orthodontic intervention was performed (happy with their teeth) (26 subjects).
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
17 Years to 28 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* age 17 years or more * skeletal class I or class II malocclusion * upper premolars extraction treatment plan * high smile line 2mm or more * no previous orthodontic treatment.
Exclusion criteria
* poor oral hygiene * lower arch extraction treatment plan * smoking * Any systemic or periodiontal disease.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The amount of pre- and post-treatment vertical gingival display in static and dynamic positions. | 2 years | Measured from the lower edge of the upper lip to the gingival margins of the incisors in mm. |
| Pre- and post treatment Nose-U-lip-length | 2 years | Measured from the soft tissue subnasale to the upper lip stomion (base of the nose to the lip edge of the upper lip) in mm. |
| Upper anterior teeth retraction | 2 years | The amount of upper anterior teeth edges' retraction on cephalometric superimposition in mm |
| Upper incisors extrusion | 2 years | The amount of upper incisors edges vertical displacement on cephalometric superimposition in mm |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Upper molars protraction | 2 years | The amount of upper molars protraction measured from the mesial contact point of the molar in the baseline model to the mesial contact point of the transposed transparent model(S1) in mm |
Countries
Jordan
Outcome results
None listed