Impacted Third Molar Tooth
Conditions
Brief summary
Surgical removal of impacted third molars is one of the most frequent procedures carried out in the oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics. There are a varying range of postoperative complications including pain, edema and swelling. Antibiotics, analgesics and mouthwashes are usually prescribed for the treatment of these complications. Patients undergoing impacted third molar surgery are frequently prescribed chlorhexidine mouthwashes with/without benzydamine hydrochloride. However, to preclude the adverse effects of these chemical agents, there has been a search for plant-derived alternatives with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and analgesic properties as part of the oral care routine following surgical removal of impacted third molars. However, there is no study investigating the comparison of different essential oils in the literature. Thus, this multicenter study was aimed to evaluate the effects of St. John's wort oil and virgin olive oil on the postoperative complications and compared with chlorhexidine gluconate plus benzydamine hydrochloride mouthwash after the removal of impacted wisdom teeth.This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of St. John's wort oil, virgin olive oil, and chlorhexidine gluconate plus benzydamine hydrochloride on the postoperative complications after the removal of impacted wisdom teeth.
Interventions
DRUGChlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12 % Mouthwash + benzydamine hydrochloride
After anesthesia, the horizontal incision was made with no. 15 scalpel blade and a full thickness mucoperiosteal flap was raised. In all surgical procedures, bone removal and/or tooth sectioning were performed under abundant irrigation. Following the extraction, granulation tissues were removed, and post extraction cavity was irrigated with sterile 0.9% saline solution. After the bleeding was controlled, the mucoperiosteal flap was repositioned by 3.0 silk sutures. The patients were postoperatively prescribed paracetamol (Parol® 500 mg, Atabay Chemical Industry, Istanbul, Turkey) to use when required with a maximum of 4 doses per day. Patients were instructed to maintain a soft diet, and refrain from mouth washing, brushing and flossing during the first 24 hour. They were also instructed to rinse their mouth with 15 ml of mouthwash for 30 seconds, 3 times a day, and continue until the 7th postoperative day.
PROCEDURESt. John's wort oil
After anesthesia, the horizontal incision was made with no. 15 scalpel blade and a full thickness mucoperiosteal flap was raised. In all surgical procedures, bone removal and/or tooth sectioning were performed under abundant irrigation. Following the extraction, granulation tissues were removed, and post extraction cavity was irrigated with sterile 0.9% saline solution. After the bleeding was controlled, the mucoperiosteal flap was repositioned by 3.0 silk sutures. The patients were postoperatively prescribed paracetamol (Parol® 500 mg, Atabay Chemical Industry, Istanbul, Turkey) to use when required with a maximum of 4 doses per day. Patients were instructed to maintain a soft diet, and refrain from mouth washing, brushing and flossing during the first 24 hour. They were also instructed to rinse their mouth with 15 ml of mouthwash for 30 seconds, 3 times a day, and continue until the 7th postoperative day.
PROCEDUREVirgin olive oil
After anesthesia, the horizontal incision was made with no. 15 scalpel blade and a full thickness mucoperiosteal flap was raised. In all surgical procedures, bone removal and/or tooth sectioning were performed under abundant irrigation. Following the extraction, granulation tissues were removed, and post extraction cavity was irrigated with sterile 0.9% saline solution. After the bleeding was controlled, the mucoperiosteal flap was repositioned by 3.0 silk sutures. The patients were postoperatively prescribed paracetamol (Parol® 500 mg, Atabay Chemical Industry, Istanbul, Turkey) to use when required with a maximum of 4 doses per day. Patients were instructed to maintain a soft diet, and refrain from mouth washing, brushing and flossing during the first 24 hour. They were also instructed to rinse their mouth with 15 ml of mouthwash for 30 seconds, 3 times a day, and continue until the 7th postoperative day.
Sponsors
Yuzuncu Yil University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* be 18-40 years old * has unilateral mandibular impacted third molars with similar angulation position according to Winter's classification (mesio-angular) and similar impaction degree according to Pell & Gregory's classification (class II, Level B). * absence of any systemic disease * absence of pregnancy/lactating state,
Exclusion criteria
* Patients with smoking habits, drug abuse, history of pericoronitis associated with the lower third molar * not regularly coming to the controls
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Postoperative Pain | Postoperatif 1st day | To record the level of pain, patients were instructed to rate it on a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) was used wherein 0 indicated no pain and 100 indicated the worst pain imaginable. |
| Postoperative Jaw Function | Postoperatif 1st day | For the assessment of difficulty during jaw function, patients were asked to rate it on a 100-mm VAS, wherein 0 indicated no limitation and 100 indicated severe limitation. |
| Postoperative Swelling | Postoperative 1st day | Facial swelling was assessed using a thread and millimeter ruler and averaged the following five measurements: Distance I (from the angle of the mandible to labial commissure); Distance II (from the angle of the mandible to the nasal border); Distance III (from the angle of the mandible to the external corner of the eye); Distance IV (from the angle of the mandible to tragus) and Distance V (from the angle of the mandible to soft pogonion). For evaluation of changes in the abovementioned distances during the postoperative period, the percentage of facial swelling was calculated by subtracting the preoperative measurements from the postoperative measurements then divided by the preoperative measurements and multiplied by 100. |
| Postoperative Trismus | Postoperative 1st day | For evaluation of trismus, the percentage of difference in maximum mouth opening during the postoperative period (B) was calculated by subtracting the preoperative measurement (A) from the postoperative measurement then dividing by the preoperative measurement (A) and multiplying by 100 (percentage of difference = \[B - A\]/B × 100). |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Chlorhexidine Gluconate Plus Benzydamine Hydrochloride Chlorhexidine is one of the most commonly used medications after tooth extraction. It exhibits a wide spectrum of antiseptic, bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects. The most common side effect of chlorhexidine is oral discoloration, taste changes and allergic responses. Furthermore, it has been reported that chlorhexidine has cytotoxic effect on gingival fibroblasts, epithelial cells, neutrophils and red blood cells; also shows incremental trend in genotoxicity as the duration of usage is increased. Benzydamine hydrochloride is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that elicits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anesthetic and antimicrobial effects. It is often used in addition to the topical application of chlorhexidine.. However, side effects such as urticaria, erythema, pruritus, photosensitivity, bronchospasm and renal problems can be observed associated with the use of benzydamine. | 26 |
| St. John's Wort Oil St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) is a European medicinal plant with a history of more than 2000 years which possessing a variety of important constituents including phloroglucinols (hyperforin and adhyperforin), naphthodianthrones (hypericin and pseudohypericin), xanthones, essential oil, biflavones (biapigenin and amentoflavone), flavonol derivatives and phenolic compounds. The important components of St. John's Wort such as hypericin and hyperforin exert anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer effects as well as stimulating tissue growth and differentiation. Hypericin exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of interleukin-12; whereas hyperforin reveals this effect by inhibiting the mechanisms of cyclooxygenase 1, 5-lipoxygenase and prostaglandin E2. St. John's Wort oil is extracted by maceration of the hypericum herb in carrier oil, such as virgin olive oil. | 26 |
| Virgin Olive Oil The olive oil, a product extracted from the fruit of Olea europaea, exerts also antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects due to its important contents including oleic acids, phenolic acids, secoiridoids and flavonoids. The oral application of olive oil has been shown to have protective anti-inflammatory effects and accelerated epithelial healing. | 29 |
| Total | 81 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Chlorhexidine Gluconate Plus Benzydamine Hydrochloride | St. John's Wort Oil | Virgin Olive Oil | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 26 Participants | 26 Participants | 29 Participants | 81 Participants |
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | — | — | — | 0 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 19 Participants | 21 Participants | 23 Participants | 63 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 7 Participants | 5 Participants | 6 Participants | 18 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 26 | 0 / 26 | 0 / 29 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 26 | 0 / 26 | 0 / 29 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 26 | 0 / 26 | 0 / 29 |
Outcome results
Primary
Postoperative Jaw Function
For the assessment of difficulty during jaw function, patients were asked to rate it on a 100-mm VAS, wherein 0 indicated no limitation and 100 indicated severe limitation.
Time frame: Postoperatif 3rd day
Population: The inclusion criteria were being 18-40 years old, have asymptomatic unilateral mandibular impacted third molars with similar angulation positions according to Winter's classification (mesioangular), and having similar impaction degree according to Pell and Gregory's classification (class II, level B).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorhexidine Gluconate Plus Benzydamine Hydrochloride | Postoperative Jaw Function | 47.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 28.1 |
| St. John's Wort Oil | Postoperative Jaw Function | 42.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 24.5 |
| Virgin Olive Oil | Postoperative Jaw Function | 47.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 20.5 |
Primary
Postoperative Jaw Function
For the assessment of difficulty during jaw function, patients were asked to rate it on a 100-mm VAS, wherein 0 indicated no limitation and 100 indicated severe limitation.
Time frame: Postoperatif 5th day
Population: The inclusion criteria were being 18-40 years old, have asymptomatic unilateral mandibular impacted third molars with similar angulation positions according to Winter's classification (mesioangular), and having similar impaction degree according to Pell and Gregory's classification (class II, level B).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorhexidine Gluconate Plus Benzydamine Hydrochloride | Postoperative Jaw Function | 29.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 19.8 |
| St. John's Wort Oil | Postoperative Jaw Function | 26.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 20.1 |
| Virgin Olive Oil | Postoperative Jaw Function | 28.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 21.7 |
Primary
Postoperative Jaw Function
For the assessment of difficulty during jaw function, patients were asked to rate it on a 100-mm VAS, wherein 0 indicated no limitation and 100 indicated severe limitation.
Time frame: Postoperatif 4th day
Population: The inclusion criteria were being 18-40 years old, have asymptomatic unilateral mandibular impacted third molars with similar angulation positions according to Winter's classification (mesioangular), and having similar impaction degree according to Pell and Gregory's classification (class II, level B).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorhexidine Gluconate Plus Benzydamine Hydrochloride | Postoperative Jaw Function | 44.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.3 |
| St. John's Wort Oil | Postoperative Jaw Function | 36.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 22.5 |
| Virgin Olive Oil | Postoperative Jaw Function | 35.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 20.4 |
Primary
Postoperative Jaw Function
For the assessment of difficulty during jaw function, patients were asked to rate it on a 100-mm VAS, wherein 0 indicated no limitation and 100 indicated severe limitation.
Time frame: Postoperatif 6th day
Population: The inclusion criteria were being 18-40 years old, have asymptomatic unilateral mandibular impacted third molars with similar angulation positions according to Winter's classification (mesioangular), and having similar impaction degree according to Pell and Gregory's classification (class II, level B).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorhexidine Gluconate Plus Benzydamine Hydrochloride | Postoperative Jaw Function | 19.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 14.9 |
| St. John's Wort Oil | Postoperative Jaw Function | 21.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 19.1 |
| Virgin Olive Oil | Postoperative Jaw Function | 20.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 17.6 |
Primary
Postoperative Jaw Function
For the assessment of difficulty during jaw function, patients were asked to rate it on a 100-mm VAS, wherein 0 indicated no limitation and 100 indicated severe limitation.
Time frame: Postoperatif 1st day
Population: The inclusion criteria were being 18-40 years old, ave asymptomatic unilateral mandibular impacted third molars with similar angulation positions according to Winter's classification (mesioangular), and having similar impaction degree according to Pell and Gregory's classification (class II, level B). Patients with smoking habits, drug abuse, and history of pericoronitis associated with the lower third molar were excluded from the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorhexidine Gluconate Plus Benzydamine Hydrochloride | Postoperative Jaw Function | 61.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 23.6 |
| St. John's Wort Oil | Postoperative Jaw Function | 63.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 24.7 |
| Virgin Olive Oil | Postoperative Jaw Function | 65.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.6 |
Primary
Postoperative Jaw Function
For the assessment of difficulty during jaw function, patients were asked to rate it on a 100-mm VAS, wherein 0 indicated no limitation and 100 indicated severe limitation.
Time frame: Postoperatif 2nd day
Population: The inclusion criteria were being 18-40 years old, have asymptomatic unilateral mandibular impacted third molars with similar angulation positions according to Winter's classification (mesioangular), and having similar impaction degree according to Pell and Gregory's classification (class II, level B).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorhexidine Gluconate Plus Benzydamine Hydrochloride | Postoperative Jaw Function | 55.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.4 |
| St. John's Wort Oil | Postoperative Jaw Function | 51.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.1 |
| Virgin Olive Oil | Postoperative Jaw Function | 62.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.1 |
Primary
Postoperative Jaw Function
For the assessment of difficulty during jaw function, patients were asked to rate it on a 100-mm VAS, wherein 0 indicated no limitation and 100 indicated severe limitation.
Time frame: Postoperatif 7th day
Population: The inclusion criteria were being 18-40 years old, ave asymptomatic unilateral mandibular impacted third molars with similar angulation positions according to Winter's classification (mesioangular), and having similar impaction degree according to Pell and Gregory's classification (class II, level B). Patients with smoking habits, drug abuse, and history of pericoronitis associated with the lower third molar were excluded from the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorhexidine Gluconate Plus Benzydamine Hydrochloride | Postoperative Jaw Function | 11.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 11 |
| St. John's Wort Oil | Postoperative Jaw Function | 13.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 18 |
| Virgin Olive Oil | Postoperative Jaw Function | 13.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 15.4 |
Primary
Postoperative Pain
To record the level of pain, patients were instructed to rate it on a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) was used wherein 0 indicated no pain and 100 indicated the worst pain imaginable.
Time frame: Postoperatif 1st day
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorhexidine Gluconate Plus Benzydamine Hydrochloride | Postoperative Pain | 51.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 21.9 |
| St. John's Wort Oil | Postoperative Pain | 56.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 24.1 |
| Virgin Olive Oil | Postoperative Pain | 60.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.1 |
Primary
Postoperative Pain
To record the level of pain, patients were instructed to rate it on a 100-mm visual analog scales (VAS) was used wherein 0 indicated no pain and 100 indicated the worst pain imaginable.
Time frame: Postoperatif 2nd day
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorhexidine Gluconate Plus Benzydamine Hydrochloride | Postoperative Pain | 44.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.4 |
| St. John's Wort Oil | Postoperative Pain | 44.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 23.4 |
| Virgin Olive Oil | Postoperative Pain | 55.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.6 |
Primary
Postoperative Pain
To record the level of pain, patients were instructed to rate it on a 100-mm visual analog scales (VAS) was used wherein 0 indicated no pain and 100 indicated the worst pain imaginable..
Time frame: Postoperatif 3rd day
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorhexidine Gluconate Plus Benzydamine Hydrochloride | Postoperative Pain | 36.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 28.7 |
| St. John's Wort Oil | Postoperative Pain | 31.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 22.6 |
| Virgin Olive Oil | Postoperative Pain | 40.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 21.9 |
Primary
Postoperative Pain
To record the level of pain, patients were instructed to rate it on a 100-mm visual analog scales (VAS) was used wherein 0 indicated no pain and 100 indicated the worst pain imaginable.
Time frame: Postoperatif 4th day
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorhexidine Gluconate Plus Benzydamine Hydrochloride | Postoperative Pain | 33.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 27.7 |
| St. John's Wort Oil | Postoperative Pain | 30.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 22.4 |
| Virgin Olive Oil | Postoperative Pain | 30.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.2 |
Primary
Postoperative Pain
To record the level of pain, patients were instructed to rate it on a 100-mm visual analog scales (VAS) was used wherein 0 indicated no pain and 100 indicated the worst pain imaginable.
Time frame: Postoperatif 5th day
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorhexidine Gluconate Plus Benzydamine Hydrochloride | Postoperative Pain | 22.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 23.7 |
| St. John's Wort Oil | Postoperative Pain | 17.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 16 |
| Virgin Olive Oil | Postoperative Pain | 26.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 23.6 |
Primary
Postoperative Pain
To record the level of pain, patients were instructed to rate it on a 100-mm visual analog scales (VAS) was used wherein 0 indicated no pain and 100 indicated the worst pain imaginable.
Time frame: Postoperatif 6th day
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorhexidine Gluconate Plus Benzydamine Hydrochloride | Postoperative Pain | 16.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 16.8 |
| St. John's Wort Oil | Postoperative Pain | 15.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 18.6 |
| Virgin Olive Oil | Postoperative Pain | 19.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 17.6 |
Primary
Postoperative Pain
To record the level of pain, patients were instructed to rate it on a 100-mm visual analog scales (VAS) was used wherein 0 indicated no pain and 100 indicated the worst pain imaginable.
Time frame: Postoperatif 7th day
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorhexidine Gluconate Plus Benzydamine Hydrochloride | Postoperative Pain | 10.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 15.5 |
| St. John's Wort Oil | Postoperative Pain | 10.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 18.5 |
| Virgin Olive Oil | Postoperative Pain | 9.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 11.2 |
Primary
Postoperative Swelling
Facial swelling was assessed using a thread and millimeter ruler and averaged the following five measurements: Distance I (from the angle of the mandible to labial commissure); Distance II (from the angle of the mandible to the nasal border); Distance III (from the angle of the mandible to the external corner of the eye); Distance IV (from the angle of the mandible to tragus) and Distance V (from the angle of the mandible to soft pogonion). For evaluation of changes in the abovementioned distances during the postoperative period, the percentage of facial swelling was calculated by subtracting the preoperative measurements from the postoperative measurements then divided by the preoperative measurements and multiplied by 100.
Time frame: Postoperative 7th day
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorhexidine Gluconate Plus Benzydamine Hydrochloride | Postoperative Swelling | 2.66 percent change | Standard Deviation 7.13 |
| St. John's Wort Oil | Postoperative Swelling | 1.58 percent change | Standard Deviation 4.22 |
| Virgin Olive Oil | Postoperative Swelling | 2.30 percent change | Standard Deviation 3.65 |
Primary
Postoperative Swelling
Facial swelling was assessed using a thread and millimeter ruler and averaged the following five measurements: Distance I (from the angle of the mandible to labial commissure); Distance II (from the angle of the mandible to the nasal border); Distance III (from the angle of the mandible to the external corner of the eye); Distance IV (from the angle of the mandible to tragus) and Distance V (from the angle of the mandible to soft pogonion). For evaluation of changes in the abovementioned distances during the postoperative period, the percentage of facial swelling was calculated by subtracting the preoperative measurements from the postoperative measurements then divided by the preoperative measurements and multiplied by 100.
Time frame: Postoperative 1st day
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorhexidine Gluconate Plus Benzydamine Hydrochloride | Postoperative Swelling | 4.93 percent change | Standard Deviation 7.6 |
| St. John's Wort Oil | Postoperative Swelling | 3.90 percent change | Standard Deviation 5.66 |
| Virgin Olive Oil | Postoperative Swelling | 4.96 percent change | Standard Deviation 5.37 |
Primary
Postoperative Swelling
Facial swelling was assessed using a thread and millimeter ruler and averaged the following five measurements: Distance I (from the angle of the mandible to labial commissure); Distance II (from the angle of the mandible to the nasal border); Distance III (from the angle of the mandible to the external corner of the eye); Distance IV (from the angle of the mandible to tragus) and Distance V (from the angle of the mandible to soft pogonion). For evaluation of changes in the abovementioned distances during the postoperative period, the percentage of facial swelling was calculated by subtracting the preoperative measurements from the postoperative measurements then divided by the preoperative measurements and multiplied by 100.
Time frame: Postoperative 3rd day
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorhexidine Gluconate Plus Benzydamine Hydrochloride | Postoperative Swelling | 4.09 percentage of swelling | Standard Deviation 7.18 |
| St. John's Wort Oil | Postoperative Swelling | 3.24 percentage of swelling | Standard Deviation 4.88 |
| Virgin Olive Oil | Postoperative Swelling | 4.22 percentage of swelling | Standard Deviation 4.43 |
Primary
Postoperative Trismus
For evaluation of trismus, the percentage of difference in maximum mouth opening during the postoperative period (B) was calculated by subtracting the preoperative measurement (A) from the postoperative measurement then dividing by the preoperative measurement (A) and multiplying by 100 (percentage of difference = \[B - A\]/B × 100).
Time frame: Postoperative 1st day
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorhexidine Gluconate Plus Benzydamine Hydrochloride | Postoperative Trismus | 30.1 percent change | Standard Deviation 8.7 |
| St. John's Wort Oil | Postoperative Trismus | 28.7 percent change | Standard Deviation 9.7 |
| Virgin Olive Oil | Postoperative Trismus | 28.1 percent change | Standard Deviation 7.8 |
Primary
Postoperative Trismus
For evaluation of trismus, the percentage of difference in maximum mouth opening during the postoperative period (B) was calculated by subtracting the preoperative measurement (A) from the postoperative measurement then dividing by the preoperative measurement (A) and multiplying by 100 (percentage of difference = \[B - A\]/B × 100).
Time frame: Postoperative 7th day
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorhexidine Gluconate Plus Benzydamine Hydrochloride | Postoperative Trismus | 38.7 percent change | Standard Deviation 6.8 |
| St. John's Wort Oil | Postoperative Trismus | 38.3 percent change | Standard Deviation 8.3 |
| Virgin Olive Oil | Postoperative Trismus | 36.7 percent change | Standard Deviation 8.7 |
Primary
Postoperative Trismus
For evaluation of trismus, the percentage of difference in maximum mouth opening during the postoperative period (B) was calculated by subtracting the preoperative measurement (A) from the postoperative measurement then dividing by the preoperative measurement (A) and multiplying by 100 (percentage of difference = \[B - A\]/B × 100).
Time frame: Postoperative 3rd day
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorhexidine Gluconate Plus Benzydamine Hydrochloride | Postoperative Trismus | 33.8 percent change | Standard Deviation 8.7 |
| St. John's Wort Oil | Postoperative Trismus | 32.4 percent change | Standard Deviation 9.1 |
| Virgin Olive Oil | Postoperative Trismus | 31.6 percent change | Standard Deviation 6.7 |