Cardiovascular Risk Factor, Cognitive Developmental Delay, Food Allergy, Growth & Development, Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity
Conditions
Brief summary
The objective of this study is to examine how infant egg consumption (age of introduction and frequency of intake) influences physical growth, obesity, cardio-metabolic health, risk of food allergy, and cognition development in mid-childhood and adolescence.
Detailed description
The investigators will use existing data from two US longitudinal birth cohorts that tracked mother-child dyads from pregnancy to adolescence: 1) Project Viva (1999-present) that enrolled 2,341 pregnancies and followed 2,128 children at delivery, 6 months, then yearly from 1 year to 15 years of child age, and 2) the Infant Feeding Practices Study II (IFPS II, 2005-2007) that enrolled 3,033 pregnancies with surveys in late pregnancy, neonatal (1 month), then monthly from 2 months (N=2,552) to 12 months of infant age, and at 6 years. For Aim 1, the investigators will classify infants based on their age of egg introduction: never, \<2 months, 2-3 months, 4-5 months, 6-8 months, 9-11 months, and 12 months. The investigators will compare physical growth, obesity, cardio-metabolic health, food allergy, and cognition test scores in mid-childhood and adolescence. The investigators will fit multi-variable linear or logistic regression models with fractional polynomial functions of the infant age of egg introduction. Both linear (e.g., earlier introduction, a higher probability of the outcome) and non-linear (e.g., threshold effect) associations will be tested. For Aim 2, The investigators will classify infants based on their frequency of egg intake: never, \<once/week, once/week, 2-4 times/week, nearly daily or daily, and 2 times/day. The investigators will use similar analytic methods mentioned above to compare their later outcomes. Finally, the investigators will create an average probability of multiple child outcomes to balance across different aspects of child health and development. The investigators will identify the lowest-risk infant egg consumption when the corresponding average predicted probability of the related adverse outcomes is the lowest.
Interventions
OTHERInfant egg consumption (i.e., age of introduction and frequency of intake)
Sponsors
American Egg Board
State University of New York at Buffalo
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
0 Years to 15 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Children with complete data on infant egg consumption and the corresponding health and cognition outcomes.
Exclusion criteria
* None.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Systolic blood pressure | 7 years (mid-childhood) | Research staff measured children's systolic blood pressure in Project Viva. |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 7 years | Research staff measured children's diastolic blood pressure in Project Viva. |
| Diagnosis of food allergy | 2 years | Research staff measured children's food allergy in Project Viva. |
| Weight | At 6 months (infancy) | Research staff measured children's weight in Project Viva. |
| Height | 6 months | Research staff measured children's height in Project Viva. |
| Waist Circumference | 6 months | Research staff measured children's waist circumference in Project Viva. |
| Skinfold thickness | 3 years | Research staff measured children's skinfold thickness in Project Viva. |
| Fat mass | 7 years | Research staff measured children's fat mass in Project Viva. |
| Lean mass | 7 years | Research staff measured children's lean mass in Project Viva. |
| Trunk fat mass | 7 years | Research staff measured children's trunk fat mass in Project Viva. |
| Intelligence (PPVT-III test) | 3 years | In Project Viva, trained research staff administered the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-3rd edition (PPVT-III, a test of receptive language) at 3 years of age. |
| Intelligence (KBIT-II test) | 7 years | In Project Viva, trained research staff administered the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-2nd edition (KBIT-II, verbal and non-verbal intelligence) at 7 years of age. |
| Visual-motor (WRAVMA) | 3 years | Research staff measured children's visual-motor in Project Viva. For the visual-motor domain, research staff administered the Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities (WRAVMA) at the 3-years visit. |
| Memory-learning | 7 years | Research staff measured children's memory-learning in Project Viva. For the memory-learning domain, staff administered the design memory and picture memory subsets of Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning (WRAML) at the 7-years visit. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed