Diet, Healthy, Food Selection, Nutrition Poor, Obesity
Conditions
Brief summary
Two randomized control trials examining human food choice (i.e. selection of high energy 'unhealthy' foods vs. selection of healthier foods). Interventions: In a between-subjects design, participants (recruitment stratified by socioeconomic position) made food choices (main dish, plus optional sides and desserts) in the absence vs. presence of menu energy labelling and from menus with baseline (10%) vs. increased availability (50%) of lower energy main dishes. Main outcome measures: Average energy content (kcal) of main dish chosen and average total energy content of all food ordered, including optional sides and desserts.
Detailed description
See attached protocol documents.
Interventions
OTHERMenu configuration (presence of energy labelling)
Restaurant menus are altered to accommodate energy labelling intervention
OTHERMenu configuration (more lower energy options added)
Restaurant menus are altered to include more lower energy options
Sponsors
University of Liverpool
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Participants were eligible to participate if they were US residents, aged of 18 or above, fluent in English, had access to a computer with an internet connection and had no dietary restrictions
Exclusion criteria
* See above. Stratification Criteria: \- We aimed to recruit a sample stratified by gender (approx. 50/50) and highest educational qualification (approx. 40% high school or less, 60% above high school) to be broadly representative of US adults.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Energy ordered from main menu | 15-20 minutes (the time frame denotes time taken to make the menu order and there is no follow up | Total kcal content of main menu order |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Total energy ordered | 15-20 minutes (the time frame denotes time taken to make the menu order and there is no follow up | Total kcal content of all food ordered (including sides, desserts) |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed