Leukocytosis, Triglycerides, Cognitive Function, Inflammatory Response
Conditions
Keywords
Triglycerides, Leukocyte, Monocyte, Neutrophil, Activation, High-fat
Brief summary
This study will determine whether acute ingestion of a high fat Bulletproof Coffee will lead to changes in plasma triglycerides, immune cell function, as well as cognitive function when compared to a black coffee.
Detailed description
In a randomized crossover design, participants will consume a single bulletproof coffee or a single black coffee separated by \ 7 days. Each visit commences in the morning after an overnight fast of 10-12 hours, with no exercise the day prior, no coffee consumption the morning of testing, and completion of a food log for dietary duplication prior to visit 2. A fasting blood draw is obtained and cognitive function tests administered, along with questionnaires to assess gastrointestinal distress, arousal, and hunger/fullness before coffee consumption. Following this, one of the coffee beverages is consumed (randomized to each visit). Cognitive testing and questionnaires are completed at 60 minutes after finishing the coffee, another blood draw at 90 minutes, and then cognitive testing, questionnaires and a final blood draw 180 minutes after consuming the coffee. This procedure is repeated during their second experimental visit, in which they consume the remaining coffee based on their randomization.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTHigh-fat coffee
A high fat coffee that consists of 29 grams of added fat from grass fed ghee, and MCT oil.
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTBlack coffee
A regular black coffee with no added caloric content.
Sponsors
University of British Columbia
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Intervention model description
Randomized double-blind crossover design.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 55 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Must be over the age of 18 * Must drink between 1-4 cups of coffee per day (on average) * Must be able to tolerate lactose and dairy products * Have not been sick for the past 3 weeks (immune function) * Non smoker * Must be able to fast for 10-12 hours
Exclusion criteria
* If you are required to take corticosteroids (immune function) * Cannot understand or speak English * Individual has an auto-immune disease and requires medication * Individual is following a ketogenic diet * Individual has allergy or sensitivity to dairy, coffee or caffeine or coconut oil * Individual has hypertension
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Plasma triglycerides | Change over 3 hours following beverage consumption | Circulating triglycerides measured in mmol/L |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive function | Change over 3 hours following beverage consumption | Measures of cognitive function including Stroop test, digit substitution, and reaction time measured via computerized test battery. |
| Immune Cell Activation | Change over 3 hours following beverage consumption | Assessment of activation markers on monocytes and neutrophils measured as median fluorescence intensity by flow cytometry. |
Countries
Canada
Contacts
Primary ContactGarett S Jackson, B.H.K
Backup ContactJonathan P Little, PhD
Outcome results
None listed