Lung Diseases, Pulmonary Edema, Swimming Induced Pulmonary Edema (SIPE)
Conditions
Keywords
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), oxygen, therapeutics, ultrasonography, oximetry
Brief summary
In swimming induced pulmonary edema (SIPE), there is a lack of knowledge regarding optimal treatment. The present study was designed to assess the benefit of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) compared to oxygen as a first line treatment of SIPE in the out-of-hospital environment.
Detailed description
Swimming induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) is an unusual condition affecting otherwise healthy swimmers. SIPE is characterized by acute onset of dyspnea and cough, excessive sputum and occasionally hemoptysis when swimming in open water. The condition usually resolves spontaneously within 48 hours, but may result in serious illness and require emergency care. Case reports describe acute treatment with oxygen alone or in combination with diuretics, beta-agonist-inhalation or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Evidence for optimal treatment strategy is lacking. This study intends to determine whether oxygen alone or applied together with CPAP leads to improvement of oxygen saturation and recovery of patients. The aim is to treat patients on site without involving hospital care. We study a large cohort of approximately 12 000 swimmers during Vansbrosimningen, Sweden's biggest annual open water event with a yearly incidence of SIPE about 0,4%. Adult patients clinically diagnosed with SIPE are randomly assigned in 2 groups receiving treatment during 20 minutes: (1) oxygen 10l/min or (2) oxygen 10l/min and CPAP 7,5 cm H2O. Assessment with outcome measures is taken 10 minutes after treatment. Primary endpoint: oxygen saturation (%) by pulse oxymetry.
Interventions
COMBINATION_PRODUCTOxygen + continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Oxygen-driven CPAP (7,5 cmH2O): 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest and assessment
DRUGOxygen
Oxygen: 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest and assessment
Sponsors
Dalarna County Council, Sweden
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* clinical diagnosis of swimming induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) with need of acute treatment (oxygen saturation ≤91%) * 18 years and older * informed consent
Exclusion criteria
* declined consent * suspected acute coronary syndrome * severe asthma diagnosed together with pulmonary edema where beta-agonist-inhalation is needed prior to treatment of pulmonary edema * hemodynamic instability or decreased consciousness
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Absolute peripheral oxygen saturation (%) after treatment | after 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest | Peripheral oxygen saturation % (continuous variable) measured by peripheral pulse oximetry |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Recovery (yes/no) after treatment | after 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest | Recovery, defined by peripheral oxygen saturation \>95% after treatment or no recovery, defined by peripheral oxygen saturation ≤95% after treatment |
| Interstitial syndrome assessed by lung ultrasound (yes/no) after treatment | after 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest | Four chest regions for both lungs are scanned by lung ultrasound; a positive region defined by the presence of three or more B-line artifacts. Bilateral or unilateral presence of two or more positive regions define positive interstitial syndrome. |
| Absolute number of regions presenting B-lines on lung ultrasound after treatment | after 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest | Four chest regions for both lungs are scanned by lung ultrasound; a positive region defined by the presence of three or more B-line artifacts. Assessment of the total number of positive regions. |
| Change in absolute number of regions presenting B-lines on lung ultrasound before and after treatment | change before versus after 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest | Four chest regions for both lungs are scanned by lung ultrasound; a positive region defined by the presence of three or more B-line artifacts. Assessment of the total number of positive regions. Change in absolute number of regions presenting B-lines on lung ultrasound before and after treatment |
| Change in absolute peripheral oxygen saturation (%) before and after treatment | change before versus after 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest | Change in peripheral oxygen saturation % (continuous variable) measured by pulse oximetry before and after treatment |
| Admission to hospital (yes/no) | 2 hours | admission to hospital within or after a maximal treatment time of 40 minutes followed by 20 min rest. |
| total treatment time | 2 hours | total treatment time until oxygen saturation ≥96% is reached. |
| subgroup analysis | 1 hour | treatment outcome analysis in patients with different baseline oxygen saturation on admission |
| Change in patient reported outcome measures before and after treatment | change before versus after 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest | Six different patient reported outcome measures assessed by numeric rating scale (NRS) 0-10: cough, sputum, air hunger, breathing effort, tightness in chest, anxiousness. The patients will assess symptoms prior to and after treatment. |
Countries
Sweden
Contacts
Primary ContactMaria Hårdstedt, MD/PhD
Outcome results
None listed