Obesity
Conditions
Brief summary
Taurine supplementation researches have increased due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, and its ability to modulate lipid metabolism by stimulating the expression of proteins that regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and increases respiratory function (PGC-1α and PPAR) and irisin release when associated to exercise. Since obesity can induce metabolic disorders including abnormal production of adipokines and activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways also mitochondrial metabolism dysfunction in the adipose tissue, the use of taurine would be a new strategy for obesity prevention and treatment. Moreover, the association of taurine and exercise could improve exercise effects, promote higher energy expenditure and increase mitochondrial respiration, consequently resulting in weight loss. Therefore, the present investigation aims to evaluate the effects of the association of taurine supplementation and a combined exercise training protocol (aerobic and strength) on resting energy expenditure, weight, body composition, blood markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, telomeres length, and mitochondrial function and the expression of genes that regulates energy metabolism and lipid oxidation in the white adipose tissue in obese women.
Detailed description
A double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted with 24 obese women (32.9±6.3 years). Capsules of taurine (3 grams) (GTau) or placebo (GP) were daily supplemented 2 hours before training. The training program was composed of aerobic and strength exercises during one hour, 3 times a week, for an 8-week period (intensity of 80% heart rate). The taurine supplemented group received only taurine capsules (3g/day) during 8 weeks. Measurement of weight, hip and waist circumference, and body composition (by Deuterium oxide) were performed before and after the intervention. Resting energy expenditure and nutrients oxidation were assessed by calorimetry. In order to check the effects of the intervention, abdominal tissue biopsy will be performed for white adipose tissue analysis, evaluation of mitochondrial function and quantification of the expression of genes related to energy metabolism and lipid oxidation and taurine pathway; blood collection will be done for quantification of taurine levels, inflammatory (IL-10, IL-15, IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α, and CRP), adipokines (adiponectin, adipsin, resistin, fetuin and leptin) and oxidative stress (GPx, SOD and MDA) markers. Also, evaluation of telomere length was performed. Body composition was evaluated by deuterium oxide method, weight, waist and hip circumference were accessed. All the measurements were performed before and after the intervention period.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTTaurine
Taurine supplementation in capsules of 1 gram of taurine powder, total dosage: 3 grams/day
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTPlacebo
Placebo supplementation in capsules of 1 gram of starch powder, total dosage: 3 grams/day
OTHERExercise training
4 weeks of combined exercise training (alternating strength and aerobic exercise), with a frequency of 3 times/week with 55 min/day.
Sponsors
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
University of Sao Paulo
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Masking description
Supplement capsule packages were labeled as Supplement A and Supplement B and the nutrient (taurine or placebo- starch) was revealed after the end of the intervention.
Intervention model description
Double-blind placebo controlled study
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
20 Years to 45 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Body Mass Index of 30 to 40 kg / m² * Sedentary * No associated co morbidity
Exclusion criteria
* Women who have a medical impediment to the practice of physical exercise * Women that have undergone bariatric surgery * Menopause, cancer or any metabolic disease * Smokers * Alcoholics * Insulin-dependent diabetes
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline in white adipose tissue mitochondrial respiration at 8 weeks | eight weeks | A subcutaneous adipose tissue sample collected for analysis of mitochondrial respiration (mitochondrial uncoupled state, phosphorylation state and electron transport system maximal capacity) were calculated at 8 weeks in comparison to the baseline. |
| Change from baseline in indirect calorimetry at 8 weeks | eight weeks | Change of energy expenditure and lipids oxidation were calculated at 8 weeks in comparision to the baseline. |
| Changes from baseline in interleukines levels at 8 weeks | eight weeks | Change of inflammatory markers such as interleukines 6, 10 and 15 were calculated at 8 weeks in comparision to the baseline. |
| Changes from baseline in cytokine levels at 8 weeks | eight weeks | Change of inflammatory markers such as adiponectin, resistin and adipsin were calculated at 8 weeks in comparision to the baseline. |
| Changes from baseline in glutathione peroxidase levels at 8 weeks | eight weeks | Change of oxidative stress markers such as glutathione peroxidase were calculated at 8 weeks in comparision to the baseline. |
| Changes from baseline in superoxide dismutase levels at 8 weeks | eight weeks | Change of oxidative stress markers such as superoxide dismutase were calculated at 8 weeks in comparision to the baseline. |
| Changes from baseline in macronutrient intake at 8 weeks | eight weeks | Change of macronutrient intake were calculated at 8 weeks in comparision to the baseline. |
| Changes from baseline in total calorie intake at 8 weeks | eight weeks | Change of total calorie intake were calculated at 8 weeks in comparision to the baseline. |
| Changes from baseline in body composition at 8 weeks | eight weeks | Change of body composition through deuterium oxide method were calculated at 8 weeks in comparision to the baseline. |
Countries
Brazil
Outcome results
None listed