Absenteeism, Hand Hygiene, Respiratory Tract; Infection, Upper (Acute)
Conditions
Keywords
Health education, Theory of planned behavior, Primary schools
Brief summary
The most common infections in schools are acute respiratory infections (colds, pharyngitis, influenza and others) and diarrheal diseases. The incidence of these infections may also be an important cause of school absenteeism, leading to negative outcomes in both education and health. WHO states that handwashing a well-known primary infection control measure, is the most important hygiene measure to prevent the spread of infection when handwashing is done with soap and water. Since behavioral choices that determine lifestyle are made in childhood, it is important that health education in hand hygiene be implemented as early as possible to improve healthy behaviors. In this context, schools are important structures for information and behavior change about water, sanitation and hygiene interventions. Planned Behavior Theory (PBT) states that intention is the main precursor of behavior. According to the theory, intention is guided by three independent variables (perceived behavior control, attitudes and subjective norms), and intention formation leads to the development of behavior. The theory has been used in a study to improve hand hygiene behavior in health workers, but it has not been used in the literature to improve hygiene behaviors in children. Researches indicate that students who do not attend school frequently or for a long time have difficulty in mastering the subject described in the lesson and that school absenteeism is an issue that should be emphasized in education. Therefore, hand hygiene has a simultaneous effect that improves both education and health and contributes to a safe and healthy learning environment. The aim of this research is; To test the effect of hand hygiene intervention program based on Planned Behavior Theory on students' health outcomes and school absenteeism.
Detailed description
The most common infections in schools are acute respiratory infections (colds, pharyngitis, influenza and others) and diarrheal diseases. Acute respiratory infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children and a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries. The incidence of these infections may also be an important cause of school absenteeism, leading to negative outcomes in both education and health. Improving water, sanitation and hygiene in schools is an important intervention for the healthy development of children. WHO states that handwashing a well-known primary infection control measure, is the most important hygiene measure to prevent the spread of infection when handwashing is done with soap and water. It was found that well-structured and applied handwashing techniques were useful in reducing the incidence of gastro-intestinal and respiratory infections in school children; handwashing with soap reduces respiratory infections in children by 16% - 25%. In children, unlike adults, it is more likely to give positive behavior because negative hygiene habits are less established and do not have stereotyped and difficult to change habits. Since behavioral choices that determine lifestyle are made in childhood, it is important that health education in hand hygiene be implemented as early as possible to improve healthy behaviors. In this context, schools are important structures for information and behavior change about water, sanitation and hygiene interventions. Hand hygiene initiatives in the school provide multiple gains by enabling children to become hygienic ambassadors in their own homes and gaining the skills they can sustain during the adult period. Planned Behavior Theory (PBT) states that intention is the main precursor of behavior. According to the theory, intention is guided by three independent variables (perceived behavior control, attitudes and subjective norms), and intention formation leads to the development of behavior. In a systematic review of 30 studies using PBT in various health interventions, two thirds of studies reported effective behavior change. The theory has been used in a study to improve hand hygiene behavior in health workers, but it has not been used in the literature to improve hygiene behaviors in children. Researches indicate that students who do not attend school frequently or for a long time have difficulty in mastering the subject described in the lesson and that school absenteeism is an issue that should be emphasized in education. Therefore, hand hygiene has a simultaneous effect that improves both education and health and contributes to a safe and healthy learning environment. The aim of this research is; To test the effect of hand hygiene intervention program based on Planned Behavior Theory on students' health outcomes and school absenteeism.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALHand hygiene intervention program developed according to planned behavior theory
The perception of the importance of hand hygiene with expression of damages of microorganisms (stories about illnesses etc.). Visually assisted hand hygiene training experiments to ensure the visibility of microorganisms in the environment. Demonstration and application of the correct hand washing technique with music. All applications will take place in three lessons (120-minute).
BEHAVIORALClassical hand hygiene education
expression of hand hygiene with verbal presentation method in a 40-minute lecture
Sponsors
Izmir Katip Celebi University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Masking description
Participation will not know whether they are in the experimental or control group.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
7 Years to 11 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* primary school student (especially third and fourth class student)
Exclusion criteria
* people with chronic disease
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Group A Streptekok infections in rapid antigen test | Total 20 weeks | Children with symptoms of infection will be referred to the family physician to have a rapid antigen test and to report the result to the researcher. |
| Incidence of symptoms of acute upper respiratory tract infection | Total 20 weeks | Ten identified upper respiratory tract symptoms (fever, sore throat, runny nose, etc.) will be recorded weekly by family of children. The researcher will receive symptom information from the family via weekly sms |
| school absenteeism | Total 20 weeks | The number of days the child does not attend school due to illness and the percentage of absenteeism |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pollution rate of hands | From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression assessed up to 7 months | Glogerm gel applied hands will shine areas containing microorganisms. Contamination rate will be calculated by taking the photo of the hands and performing brightness analysis in adobe photoshop program. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed