Appetitive Behavior
Conditions
Brief summary
The liking of a breakfast meal has been shown to influence food choice throughout the day. This study will investigate the effects that liking of different coffee beverages has on daily food intake.
Detailed description
This is a postprandial acute meal crossover blinded study in which 30 fasted young healthy women will consume one of 3 butter-rich coffees, in random order, at each of three study sessions separated by at least 4 days. Participants will rate the coffee characteristics and complete paper visual analogue scale ratings of alertness, fatigue, nausea, satiety, and comfort for 180 minutes and consume a pasta lunch meal. A subset of 10 participants will be invited to attend 3 additional study visits where gastric emptying following consumption of each coffee will be assess using gastric ultrasound.
Interventions
OTHERCoffee with butter-1
250 mL brewed black coffee with hazelnut flavouring and 50 g water
OTHERCoffee with butter-II
250 mL brewed black coffee with hazelnut flavouring and 50 g unsalted butter-I
OTHERCoffee with butter-III
250 mL brewed black coffee with hazelnut flavouring and 50 g unsalted butter-II
Sponsors
University of Guelph
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
20 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Generally healthy women * 20-35 yrs * BMI of 18.5-26.1 kg/m2 and waist circumference \<88cm * Non-smoking * Non to moderate alcohol drinkers * Regular coffee consumers * Regularly consumes dairy products * Pre-menopausal with regular monthly periods * Stable medication use * Have not gained or lost significant weight during the past 3 months * Not pregnant or lactating * Enjoy and be willing to consume pasta with tomato sauce
Exclusion criteria
* Any food sensitivity or intolerance * Any anaphylactic allergy or gastrointestinal disorder * History of any major disease or medical condition * Elite or training athletes * Three Factor Eating Questionnaire restraint score \>16 * Taking any natural health products or dietary supplements, other than a multivitamin, that interfere with fat or caffeine digestion
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Please indicate how much you liked or disliked the coffee | 30-180 minutes | Hedonic scale ratings of beverage liking; 9 points from Dislike Extremely to Like Extremely |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Please indicate on the line the creaminess of the coffee | 0 - 180 minutes | Visual analogue scale ratings of product attributes; 0-100 mm from Not Creamy at All to Extremely Creamy |
| Please indicate on the line how hungry you are | 30 - 180 minutes | Visual analogue scale ratings of product attributes; 0-100 mm from Not Hungry at All to Extremely Hungry |
| Lunch meal food intake | 180 minutes | Weight of food consumed at ad libitum pasta meal |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Gastric emptying | 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes | Determined by gastric ultrasound assessment of gastric antrum cross sectional area |
Countries
Canada
Outcome results
None listed