Sleep
Conditions
Keywords
radio frequency electromagnetic fields, volunteers
Brief summary
Effects of Wifi exposure on sleep and sleep-related Memory consolidation are investigated in a double-blind, sham-controlled fully counterbalanced study design.
Detailed description
Introduction: Since several years Wireless Local Networks (WLAN, WiFi) are widely spread and operated in households. Many people feel that the presence of radiofrequency technologies impairs their health. Sleep problems are among the most often complained complaints. The present study aims to contribute to answer the question, whether biological effects of a WiFi exposure can be assessed by objective measures. The results of this study will expand the database on possible acute effects of WiFi exposure and thus qualitatively contribute to the discussion whether sleep is affected by exposure from radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Methods: A double-blind, sham-controlled experiment in the sleep laboratory with exposure conditions delivered in a balanced randomized cross-over design. Subjective sleep quality of volunteers is assessed by questionnaires. Macro- and microstructure of sleep are measured by polysomnography. Furthermore, a possible impact on sleep related memory consolidation is tested. To do so declarative, procedural and emotional memory tasks are used. Exposure is delivered by a specially developed system, which simulates field strengths and signals occurring in a subject sleeping in the close proximity of a WiFi-access point. This exposure system is necessary to allow for a double-blind implementation and monitoring as well as for the realization of defined exposure parameters.
Interventions
OTHERradio frequency electromagnetic field
Exposure system delivers emissions comparable to those from WiFi access point close to the bed or sham (nor exposure)
Sponsors
Charite University, Berlin, Germany
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Intervention model description
Two exposures (WiFi and sham) are applied in a randomized double-blind counterbalanced cross-over study
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
20 Years to 30 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Only right-handed * non-smokers * Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score \< 5 * no extreme morning/evening preference \[Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) score ≥ 31 or ≤ 69 * no indication of depression or somatic symptoms as assessed by a medical examination and validated questionnaires \[Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ-9 and PHQ-15) scores ≤ 5 and ≤ 10, respectively
Exclusion criteria
* history of a psychiatric disorder, * history of a neurological and/or sleep disorder * excessive daytime sleepiness \[Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score \> 9; * non-regular sleep-wake schedule as assessed by a sleep diary * a regular intake of medication that affects the central nervous system, excessive caffeine and/or alcohol consumption, regular and occasional drug use, * metal implants * periodic leg movement arousal index \> 10/h in the Adaptation night * apnoea-hypopnoea-index \> 5/h in the Adaptation night.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| sleep Efficiency index (total sleep time in % of time in bed) | 8 hours | Summary variable describing objective sleep quality |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| declarative memory | 8 hours | Number of remembered word pairs in the Word Pair Association Test |
| sleep EEG power | 8 hours | power spectra of the sleep EEG |
Countries
Germany
Outcome results
None listed