Healthy
Conditions
Brief summary
The purpose of the project was to examine the fitness and health effects of participation in recreational Team Handball for untrained 20-30 year old healthy men and women.
Detailed description
Fitness and health effects of 12 weeks of recreational team handball in untrained adult men and women aged 20-30 years Adult men and women aged 20-30 years will be recruited to take part in a 12-week intervention with recreational team handball. Half of the participants are men (n=32), who are randomly assigned to a group playing recreational team handball (n=16) and an inactive control group (n=16). The women (n=40) are also divided and assigned to a group with regular participation in recreational team handball (n=20) and an inactive control group (n=20). The training sessions will be offered 2-3 times weekly for 70 minutes per session by a supervised trainer. The sessions involves an injury preventive warm-up and ball exercises for 15 minutes followed by recreational handball on small pitches such as 4 vs 4. A comprehensive testing protocol is conducted before and after the training period. The measurements includes body composition and bone mineralization, blood pressure, resting heart rate, fasting blood sugar, insulin, cholesterol and bone markers. In addition, a number of physical tests which involves fitness level (VO2max), intermittent work, muscle strength and balance will further be conducted. The testing takes place at the University of Copenhagen. The training sessions will also take place at the University of Copenhagen or in a handball club near the University. The study will be approved by the local ethical committee of Copenhagen.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALRecreational handball
BEHAVIORALControl
Sponsors
University of Copenhagen
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
20 Years to 30 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Healthy women and men from 20-30 years old * If women, a regular menstrual cycle length (25 to 32 days) with or without use of contraceptives.
Exclusion criteria
* Known familiar diseases * If been smoking for the last two years before recruitment * If involved in any regular physical training two years before recruitment * Women: a peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) higher than 45 mL/min/kg * Men: a peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) higher than 51 mL/min/kg
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| VO2max - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention | VO2max (mL/kg/min) is a measure of the cardiorespiratory during a treadmill test |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Fat percentage - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention | Measure of fat percentage (%) performed by a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA scan) |
| Muscle mass - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention | Measure of muscle mass (kg) performed by a DXA scan |
| Mineral bone density - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention | Mineral bone density (g/cm2) performed by a DXA scan |
| Bone mass - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention | Bone mass (kg) performed by a DXA scan |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Strength: CMJ jump height - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention | CMJ peak (W/kg) performed on a force plate |
| Postural balance: Sway area - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention | Sway area (cm2) performed on a force plate |
| Postural balance: Sway length - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention | Sway length (mm) performed on a force plate |
| Capillaries (cap./fiber) - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention | Muscle biopsies were taken from the male subjects and analyzed for cap./fibre |
| 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase (HAD) activity - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention | Muscle biopsies were taken from the male subjects and analyzed for HAD activity (ug/l) |
| Specific fibre type cross sectional area (CSA) - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention | Muscle biopsies were taken from the male subjects and analyzed for specific fibre type CSA (μm2) |
| Fiber type composition - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention | Muscle biopsies were taken from the male subjects and analyzed for fibre type composition (%) |
| Citrate synthase (CS) activity - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention | Muscle biopsies were taken from the male subjects and analyzed for CS activity (ug/l) |
| Capillaries (cap./mm2) - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention | Muscle biopsies were taken from the male subjects and analyzed for cap./mm2 |
| Strength: Isokinetic Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention | Isokinetic MVC (Nm) performed in a isokinetic dynamometer |
| Strength: Isometric MVC - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention | Isometric MVC (Nm) performed in a isokinetic dynamometer |
| Strength: Countermovement maximal jumps (CMJ) jump height - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention | CMJ jump height (cm) performed on a force plate |
Outcome results
None listed