Sweat Analysis
Conditions
Keywords
sweating rate, sweat electrolytes, sweat patch, wearable, epidermal, sweat electrolyte concentrations
Brief summary
To determine the validity of a prototype patch in measuring sweating rate and sweat electrolyte concentration during moderate intensity exercise against well-established reference methods in a controlled laboratory and in field conditions.
Interventions
OTHERSweat patch
Flexible, epidermal, wearable skin patch to collect and analyze sweat
Sponsors
PepsiCo Global R&D
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Each subject subject serves as their own control at each testing session. The prototype patch and reference method are both worn during each session.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
15 Years to 45 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Subject is male or female * Subject is 15-45 years * Subject is moderately-trained (engages in moderate-intensity, intermittent, or steady-state exercise at least 4 days per week for at least 1 hour at a time) * Subject is capable of moderate-intensity, intermittent exercise for 1-2 hours as assessed by recent training history * If participating in Study Session 1, 2, 3, or 4, subject has a treadmill VO2max ≥ 42 ml/kg/min if male or ≥ 38 ml/kg/min if female, as measured during the screening at the GSSI laboratory * If participating in Study Session 1, 2, 3, or 4, subject has a normal fasting blood glucose (70-110 mg/dl), as measured during the screening at the GSSI laboratory * If participating in Study Session 1, 2, 3, or 4, subject has a normal resting blood pressure (\< 140/90 mmHg), as measured during the screening at the GSSI laboratory * If participating in Study Session 1, 2, 3, or 4, subject has a normal resting and graded exercise EKG, as measured during the screening at the GSSI laboratory * If participating in Study Session 1, 2, 3, or 4, willing to be shaved at patch sites * If participating in Study Session 3 or 4, willing to undergo a nude shower by an investigator of the same sex for collection of sweat electrolytes in the whole body wash procedure * If participating in Study Session 5 or 6, subject is a trained team-sport athlete currently participating in training/competition at IMG Academy
Exclusion criteria
* Subject is pregnant (self-reported) * Subject is a smoker * Subject has a body weight that is lighter than 80 pounds * Subject has a known or suspected obstructive disease of the gastrointestinal tract, such as diverticulitis or inflammatory bowel disease * Subject has a history of problems with the gag reflex * Subject has not had previous gastrointestinal surgery * Subject has problems with swallowing * Subject is planning to have an MRI scan during the time that the CorTemp™ Core Body Temperature Sensor is in the body * Subject has slow movement of the gastrointestinal tract * Subject has a cardiac pacemaker or other implanted electronic device * Subject has asthma or other condition in which breathing can become difficult/labored during exercise (applies to Study Session 1-4 only) * Subject is allergic to adhesives * Subject is currently taking a medication or oral supplement that could interfere with study results * Subject has a condition the investigator believes would interfere with his/her ability to provide informed consent, comply with the study protocol, which might confound the interpretation of the study results or put the person at undue risk * Subject has been enrolled into a PepsiCo-sponsored study within the past six months * Subject has been enrolled into a clinical trial at a laboratory or clinic other than PepsiCo within the past 30 days * Subject is employed by, or has a parent, guardian or other immediate family member employed by, a company that manufactures any products that compete with any Gatorade products. If subject is unsure if a company would be considered a competitor to Gatorade they will be asked to please let the study investigator know the name of the other company and the nature of their relationship to that company before they sign the informed consent.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Sweat chloride concentration | 1.5 hours in sessions 1-6 | Prototype vs. reference method (regional absorbent patch technique) during exercise |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Whole body sweating rate | 1.5 hours in sessions 1-6 | Prototype vs. reference method (changes in nude body mass corrected for fluid intake, urine output, respiratory water loss, and metabolic mass loss) during exercise |
| Whole body sweat chloride concentration | 1.5 hours in sessions 3-4 | Prototype vs. reference method (whole body washdown technique) during exercise |
| Whole body sweat sodium concentration | 1.5 hours in sessions 3-4 | Reference method only. Compare whole body sweat chloride concentration vs. whole body sweat sodium concentration during exercise |
| Regional sweating rate | 1.5 hours in sessions 1-6 | Prototype vs. reference method (gravimetry using the regional absorbent patch technique) during exercise |
| Self-ratings of perceived sweat saltiness vs. sweat electrolyte concentrations | Prior to the start of exercise at sessions 1-6 | Multiple choice questionnaire vs. sweat patch analysis |
| History of exercise-associated muscle cramps | Prior to the start of exercise at sessions 1-6 | Multiple choice questionnaire |
| Self-ratings of perceived sweating vs. measured sweating rate | Prior to the start of exercise at sessions 1-6 | Multiple choice questionnaire vs. sweat patch analysis |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed