Adolescent Behavior, Depression, Anxiety, Stress
Conditions
Brief summary
Given the prevalence of suicide and mental health issues in rural Montana, this project is intended to help mitigate stressors that may contribute to poor behavioral and mental health in high school-aged children. The immediate goal is to determine viability of a partnership with a rural southwestern Montana school and test the feasibility of a piloted implementation of a trauma-informed yoga intervention to address behavioral health outcomes and positive youth development.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALTrauma-Informed Yoga
Trauma-Informed Yoga practice held within a high school weight training class
Sponsors
Montana State University
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
11 Years to 18 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Students enrolled in a specific weight training class at predetermined high school in rural Montana
Exclusion criteria
* Students not enrolled in a specific weight training class at predetermined high school in rural Montana
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Salivary Cortisol Testing | Baseline and 4 weeks (Midpoint) | Students will provide a saliva sample in which cortisol levels will be analyzed through salivary assay kits (through Salimetrics.com). Samples will be collected on the first day of the intervention, halfway through the intervention, and on the last day of the intervention to determine if the intervention has improved stress levels (as indicated by a reduction in cortisol levels). A biostatistician will provide analysis and conclusion of these samples at the conclusion of the study. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Anxiety Scale | Baseline and 7 weeks after beginning of intervention | This 7 item questionnaire is based on a likert scale of 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day) for items related to anxiety disorders. The lowest score is a zero and the maximum score is a 21. A reduction in score from pre- to post-assessment indicates an improvement in symptomology. |
| Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents | Baseline and 7 weeks after beginning of intervention | This 9 item questionnaire is designed to evaluate severity of depressive symptoms in adolescents. It is scored on a Likert scale from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day) on items linked to depression indicators. The minimum score is a 0 and the maximum score is a 27, and a reduction in score from pre- to post-assessment indicates an improvement in symptomology. |
| Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for Ages 11-17 (Overall Score) | Baseline and 7 weeks after beginning of intervention | This 25 item questionnaire is a brief emotional and behavioral scale for adolescents based on psychological attributes. Items are scored on a Likert scale from 0 (Not True) to 2 (Certainly True). The range in overall scores is 0-40. A reduction in score from pre- to post-assessment indicates an improvement in symptomology/outcomes. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Experimental Group 18 high school students in a weight training class will be assigned to this experimental group and will receive the one-hour intervention twice weekly for 8 weeks.
Trauma-Informed Yoga: Trauma-Informed Yoga practice held within a high school weight training class | 18 |
| Total | 18 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Experimental Group |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 18 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 17 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.83 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 16 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 18 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 2 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 16 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 18 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 18 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 18 |
Outcome results
Primary
Salivary Cortisol Testing
Students will provide a saliva sample in which cortisol levels will be analyzed through salivary assay kits (through Salimetrics.com). Samples will be collected on the first day of the intervention, halfway through the intervention, and on the last day of the intervention to determine if the intervention has improved stress levels (as indicated by a reduction in cortisol levels). A biostatistician will provide analysis and conclusion of these samples at the conclusion of the study.
Time frame: Baseline and 4 weeks (Midpoint)
Population: 18 students in a weight training class in a rural Montana high school
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group-Midpoint Data (4 Weeks) | Salivary Cortisol Testing | 0.245 ug/dl | Standard Deviation 0.1356 |
| Experimental Group-Baseline Data | Salivary Cortisol Testing | 0.3088 ug/dl | Standard Deviation 0.1552 |
Secondary
Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Anxiety Scale
This 7 item questionnaire is based on a likert scale of 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day) for items related to anxiety disorders. The lowest score is a zero and the maximum score is a 21. A reduction in score from pre- to post-assessment indicates an improvement in symptomology.
Time frame: Baseline and 7 weeks after beginning of intervention
Population: High School Students in rural Montana
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group-Midpoint Data (4 Weeks) | Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Anxiety Scale | Post Survey Results | 4.20 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.36 |
| Experimental Group-Midpoint Data (4 Weeks) | Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Anxiety Scale | Pre-Survey Results | 7.33 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.44 |
p-value: 0.017t-test, 2 sided
Secondary
Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents
This 9 item questionnaire is designed to evaluate severity of depressive symptoms in adolescents. It is scored on a Likert scale from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day) on items linked to depression indicators. The minimum score is a 0 and the maximum score is a 27, and a reduction in score from pre- to post-assessment indicates an improvement in symptomology.
Time frame: Baseline and 7 weeks after beginning of intervention
Population: high school students in rural Montana
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group-Midpoint Data (4 Weeks) | Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents | Post-Survey Results | 4.20 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.06 |
| Experimental Group-Midpoint Data (4 Weeks) | Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents | Pre-Survey Results | 6.72 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.42 |
p-value: 0.08Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for Ages 11-17 (Overall Score)
This 25 item questionnaire is a brief emotional and behavioral scale for adolescents based on psychological attributes. Items are scored on a Likert scale from 0 (Not True) to 2 (Certainly True). The range in overall scores is 0-40. A reduction in score from pre- to post-assessment indicates an improvement in symptomology/outcomes.
Time frame: Baseline and 7 weeks after beginning of intervention
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group-Midpoint Data (4 Weeks) | Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for Ages 11-17 (Overall Score) | Post-Survey Overall Score | 20.47 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.33 |
| Experimental Group-Midpoint Data (4 Weeks) | Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for Ages 11-17 (Overall Score) | Pre-Survey Overall Score | 23.72 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.48 |
p-value: 0.026t-test, 2 sided