Anemia, Birth Outcomes, Stunting, Wasting
Conditions
Keywords
Birth Outcomes, Pregnancy, Aflatoxin, Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (EED), Growth, Stunting, Wasting, Uganda, Anemia
Brief summary
The UBC was a USAID-funded longitudinal prospective cohort study of pregnant women (n= 5030) aged 15-49 years from rural North and South-Western regions of Uganda, conducted between 2014 and 2016. The aim of the UBC study was to observationally follow pregnant women and their newborns until 2 years of age and compare changes over time in communities that were part of an ongoing USAID project called the Community Connector (CC) compared to those communities that were not included in the Community Connector project.
Detailed description
This study aimed to assess the role of livelihoods, agriculture and nutrition in improving maternal and child nutrition and health in rural Uganda in communities that were a part of an ongoing program that was un-related to the study. The overall aim of this study was to understand the effect of participating in an ongoing program that provided support on nutrition, agriculture, water, hygiene and sanitation and the change over time in the nutritional status of mothers and children under two years of age. The specific objectives of this observational study were as follows: 1. To compare health and nutrition status of pregnant women in communities participating in the Community Connector project to those that were not participating in the program 2. To assess the aflatoxin levels in pregnancy and test its association with birth outcomes and early life growth as measured by weight and length 3. To assess environmental enteropathy in pregnancy and test its association with birth outcomes and early life growth 4. To assess access to coverage and adherence to information/messages and engagement in Community Connector project's activities 5. To determine heterogeneity in program exposure and variability in household and agro-ecological characteristics and its relationship with maternal and infant health and nutrition status
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
Makerere University
Harvard University
Tufts University
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
15 Years to 49 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion into pregnancy surveillance: * Participant is a woman aged 15-49 years * Participant intends to reside in the study area through the enrollment period * Participant provides informed consent herself or through a legal guardian Inclusion into main study: * Pregnancy is confirmed by urine pregnancy test * Mother is aged 15-49 years * Mother intends to reside in the study area through completion of follow-up * Mother intends to deliver in the study area * Mother provides informed consent (potentially as an emancipated minor)
Exclusion criteria
-None
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Head circumference measurement (cm) | 0-2 years old | Infant's head circumference measured in centimeters |
| Percent of infants who were underweight | 0-2 years old | Percent of infants with a weight-for-age less than -2 standard deviations |
| Infants' weight at birth (kg) | Birth | Birth weight in kilograms using a seca scale, calculated as the mean of three repeated measurements on each infant |
| Percentage of infants with low birth weight | Birth | Percentage of infants with birth weight less than 2500 grams |
| Percentage of preterm births | Birth | Percentage of infants born with a gestational age less than 259 days |
| Percentage of infants who were small-for-gestational-age | Birth | Percentage of infants at birth whose weight centiles were below the 10th percentile for their age and sex |
| Percent of infants who were stunted | 0-2 years old | Percent of infants with a height-for-age less than -2 standard deviations |
| Percent of infants who were wasted | 0-2 years old | Percent of infants with a weight-for-height less than -2 standard deviations |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Percent of infants that were anemic (hemoglobin levels <11 g/dL) | 0-2 years old | Percentage of infants with anemia defined by hemoglobin levels \<11 g/dL, measured using the HemoCue test. |
| Concentration of ferritin (ug/L) in mothers and infants as a biomarker for iron status | 6 months for infants, mothers at birth | Maternal and infants' serum ferritin (ug/L) measured using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique (ELISA) at the VitMin Lab in Germany |
| Concentration of soluble transferrin receptor (mg/L) in mothers and infants as a biomarker for iron status | 6 months for infants, mothers at birth | Maternal and infants' serum soluble transferrin receptor (mg/L) measured using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique (ELISA) at the VitMin Lab in Germany |
| Concentration of retinol binding protein (umol/L) in mothers and infants as a biomarker for vitamin A status | 6 months for infants, mothers at birth | Maternal and infants' serum retinol binding protein (umol/L) measured using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique (ELISA) at the VitMin Lab in Germany |
| Percent of mothers that were anemic (hemoglobin levels <11 g/dL) | through study completion, every 3 months | Percentage of maternal anemia defined by hemoglobin levels \<11 g/dL, measured using the HemoCue test. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed