Child, Preschool, Toilet Training
Conditions
Keywords
Method
Brief summary
Evaluation of a new method of toilet training (TT), meaning TT in group in daycare centers, guided by a TT expert. Children are included based on signs of readiness for TT.
Detailed description
A cluster randomized controlled trial (CRCT) was established in daycare centers. Clusters of participants (per daycare center) were randomly allocated to an Intervention group or a Control group. Evolution of the TT process was monitored in the daycare center until the child was considered to be fully toilet trained (or 'clean') during the day (this means wearing undergarments, conscious of the need to void and initiating toilet behavior without reminder of the parents with a maximum of one leakage a day \[9\]). Daycare workers evaluated the TT process of all participating children on a weekly basis. Parents were asked to fill in an online questionnaire when their child was completely toilet trained.
Interventions
OTHERGroup toilet training in daycare
During the training, children wore underpants, were informed about potty training, were encouraged to drink often and were asked regularly if they felt the need to void. Tutors looked for elimination signals in the child and quickly responded by putting the child on the potty when he/she expressed the need to void or to defecate. Children were positively rewarded. Parents received a leaflet containing practical tips concerning TT and their child's successes of the past two days. They were asked to continue TT at home during the following weekend and longer if necessary. Daycare workers were asked to pay more attention on the TT during the following days and weeks to ensure the effect of the intervention.
OTHERIndividual toilet training at home
Parents were encouraged to start TT their child, because they were considered as being ready to initiate TT. Children did not receive any intervention, but parents were asked to start TT in their own manner. Parents were allowed to search for information on methods of TT with their relatives, internet, books,...
Sponsors
Universiteit Antwerpen
University Hospital, Antwerp
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Months to 30 Months
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* knowledge of the Dutch language * aged between 18 and 30 months * not yet toilet trained during the day and night (diaper dependent) * Parents of the children had to be motivated to participate in the study and willing to invest time and effort in continuing the TT at home * Children met at least two of the following three signs of readiness: the child expresses a need to evacuate and shows awareness of the need to void or to have a bowel movement; the child insists on completing tasks without help and is proud of new skills; or the child can pull clothes up and down in a TT related context
Exclusion criteria
* Children with urological, neurological, organical or behavior problems
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Duration of toilet training | 6 weeks | Number of weeks needed for the child to become fully toilet trained |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Effectiveness of toilet training | 6 weeks | Number of children that acquire cleanliness at 6 weeks time |
Countries
Belgium
Outcome results
None listed