Obesity, Skeletal Muscle, Inflammation
Conditions
Brief summary
Obesity is pro-inflammatory, impairs metabolism, and physically limiting. Specifically, muscle in obese persons does not synthesize proteins normally. This further increases metabolic and physical dysfunction. As such, obesity programs should not only focus on weight loss, but muscle metabolic health. Dairy nutrients have anti-inflammatory and anabolic properties, but mostly evaluated in isolation and/or pre-clinical designs. Also, it is unknown if the circulating benefits extend to the muscle. We hypothesize that dairy full-fat milk will improve these obesity characteristics.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALControlled-Feeding Intervention
All energy-containing food and beverages will be provided for 1-week as a controlled-feeding study.
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTNon-dairy beverage
Isolated amino acid, fatty acid, and monosaccharide beverage matched to the macronutrient content of 8 fl oz whole milk.
OTHERFull-fat milk
3 daily servings (cup-eq) of full-fat (3.25%) commercial cow's milk.
OTHERFat-free milk
3 daily servings (cup-eq) of fat-free (0%) commercial cow's milk.
Sponsors
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
40 Years to 59 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Obese (BMI, body mass index ≥30, \<40 kg•m-2) * Age 40-59 * Pre-menopausal * Sedentary/insufficiently active for prior 6 months (mo) * Weight stable for prior 6 mo
Exclusion criteria
* Tobacco, nicotine (patch/gum) use (previous 6 mo) * Alcohol consumption \>10 drinks per week * Metabolic disorders (e.g., Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, thyroid diseases) * Cardiovascular disease, arrhythmias * Hypogonadism * Asthma * History of uncontrolled hypertension * Orthopedic injury/surgery (within 1 yr) * Hepatorenal, musculoskeletal, autoimmune, or neurological disease * History of neuromuscular problems * Previous participation in amino acid tracer studies * Predisposition to hypertrophic scarring or keloid formation * Consumption of ergogenic-levels of dietary supplements that may affect muscle mass (e.g., creatine, HMB), insulin-like substances, or anabolic/catabolic pro-hormones (e.g., DHEA) within 6 weeks prior to participation * Consumption of thyroid, androgenic, or other medications known to affect endocrine function * Consumption of medications known to affect protein metabolism (e.g., prescription-strength corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, or acne medication) * Pregnancy * Allergy to dairy product or lactose intolerance * Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 126 mg/dL * Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) ≥ 200 mg/dL
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Fractional synthetic rate of myofibrillar proteins by stable isotope infusion. | 0-5 hours postprandial observation period to ingesting 2 servings of respective Arm. | Refers to rate of building new proteins in skeletal muscle contractile protein fraction. Myofibrillar protein synthesis rates will be assessed during stable isotope infusion whereby participants will ingest 2 servings of their respective dairy treatment and the postprandial response is compared between the Arms. |
| Blood inflammation markers by flow cytometry. | 1 week observation period to respective Arm within a controlled-feeding intervention. | Measurement of blood cytokines, monocytes, and macrophages by flow cytometry before and after 1-week of 3 daily servings of respective dairy treatment within a controlled-feeding intervention. |
Countries
United States
Contacts
Primary ContactNicholas A Burd, Ph.D.
Outcome results
None listed