Balance Impairment, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Gait Impairment, Pain
Conditions
Keywords
COPD, balance, gait, pain
Brief summary
The balance, gait and pain in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) study will aim to investigate the link between balance and gait impairment, and high rates of pain in people with COPD. This cross-sectional observational study will compare balance and gait outcomes for people with COPD who have pain, to those who are pain free.
Interventions
OTHERExposure - pain
Groups are defined by their naturally occurring exposure to pain or not
Sponsors
South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust
Teesside University
Study design
Observational model
CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Have a spirometry confirmed diagnosis of COPD as per Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines * Be 18 years or over at the point of recruitment * Be able to communicate with good verbal English or use adaptive equipment to communicate. * Be able to complete test procedures * Stable COPD (six weeks clear of exacerbation) * No uncorrected visual or somatosensory disturbance
Exclusion criteria
* No other conditions that may affect balance or gait e.g. neurological or vestibular conditions * Recent exacerbation of COPD (within the last six weeks) * Unable to provide written informed consent * Unable to speak English or no translation options available * Any other acute health conditions that would make activity unsafe e.g. acute infection, unstable cardiac disease.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Balance Evaluations Systems Test (BESTest) | 20-30 minutes | BESTest is a quantitative assessment tool that identifies disordered systems underlying postural control that are responsible for poor functional balance. It was developed for clinicians to differentiate balance problems into six underlying systems that may constrain balance. It was developed from the theoretical understanding of balance control systems based on Bernstein's concept that postural control results from a set of interacting systems. It has 36 items that evaluate performance of 6 balance systems: bio-mechanical constraints, stability limits/verticality, anticipatory responses, postural responses, sensory orientation, and stability in gait. A higher score indicates better balance. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Berg Balance Scale | 5 minutes (for additional items not featured within the BESTest | The Berg balance scale is used to objectively determine a patient's ability (or inability) to safely balance during a series of predetermined tasks. It is a 14 item list with each item consisting of a five-point ordinal scale ranging from 0 to 4, with 0 indicating the lowest level of function and 4 the highest level of function. A total score of 56 is available, higher scores indicate better balance. |
| Gait analysis | 10 minutes | Temporospatial gait analysis using the 'Gaitrite' walkway. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Brief Pain Inventory Short Form | 5 minutes | The Brief Pain Inventory is a pain questionnaire which measures the severity of pain, impact of pain on daily function, location of pain, pain medications and amount of pain relief in the past 24 hours or the past week. Each item is measured on 0-10 scale, 0 being no pain and 10 being the maximum pain score available. |
| 30 second sit to stand test | 30 seconds | The 30 Second Sit to Stand Test is also known as 30 second chair stand test, and tests leg strength and endurance in older adults. A higher number of completed sit to stands in 30 seconds indicates better lower limb endurance. |
| Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly | 5 minutes | The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) is a questionnaire that combines information on leisure, household and occupational activity. The PASE assesses the types of activities typically chosen by older adults (walking, recreational activities, exercise, housework, yard work, and caring for others. It uses frequency, duration, and intensity level of activity over the previous week to assign a score, ranging from 0 to 793, with higher scores indicating greater physical activity. |
| Peak muscle torque (quadriceps, hamstrings, hip abductors and adductors, ankle plantar flexors and dorsiflexors). | 30 minutes | Muscle strength testing using the Biodex dynamometer. A higher peak torque in Nm indicates better muscle strength. |
| PiMax | 5 minutes | Maximum inspiratory pressure measured by a hand held device that participants take an inward breath in to. |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed