Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Myeloid Neoplasm
Conditions
Keywords
Myeloid and Monocytic Leukemia, Other Hematopoietic
Brief summary
This phase II trial studies how well CPX-351 or the CLAG-M regimen (consisting of the drugs cladribine, cytarabine, G-CSF, and mitoxantrone) works in treating medically less-fit patients with acute myeloid leukemia or other high-grade myeloid neoplasms. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as CPX-351, cladribine, cytarabine, G-CSF, and mitoxantrone, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Giving CPX-351 or the CLAG-M regimen at doses typically used for medically-fit patients with acute myeloid leukemia may work better than reduced doses of CPX-351 in treating medically less-fit patients with acute myeloid leukemia or other high-grade myeloid neoplasms.
Detailed description
OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 arms in a 1:1 fashion. ARM I = CPX-351; ARM II = CLAG-M. ARM I (INDUCTION): Patients receive CPX-351 intravenously (IV) over 90 minutes on days 1, 3, and 5 in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients who achieve a response other than an MRDneg CR receive a second course of CPX-351 intravenously IV over 90 minutes on days 1, 3, and 5 in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. ARM I (POST-REMISSION): Patients who achieve a CR or CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi) receive a reduced dose of CPX-351 IV over 90 minutes on days 1, 3, and 5 for up to 4 additional courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. ARM II (INDUCTION): Patients receive cladribine IV over 2 hours on days 1-5, cytarabine IV over 2 hours on days 1-5, G-CSF subcutaneously (SC) on days 0-5, and mitoxantrone IV over 60 minutes on days 1-3 in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients who achieve a response other than an MRDneg CR receive a second course of cladribine IV over 2 hours on days 1-5, cytarabine IV over 2 hours on days 1-5, G-CSF SC on days 0-5, and mitoxantrone IV over 60 minutes on days 1-3 in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. ARM II (POST-REMISSION): Patients who achieve a CR/CRi receive an intermediate dose of cytarabine IV over 2 hours on days 1-6 for up to 4 additional courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up periodically for up to 5 years.
Interventions
DRUGLiposome-encapsulated Daunorubicin-Cytarabine
Given IV
DRUGCladribine
Given IV
DRUGCytarabine
Given IV
Given SC
DRUGMitoxantrone
Given IV
OTHERQuestionnaire Administration
Ancillary studies
OTHERQuality-of-Life Assessment
Ancillary studies
Sponsors
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
Jazz Pharmaceuticals
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Diagnosis of untreated "high-grade" myeloid neoplasm (\>=10% blasts in blood or bone marrow) or AML other than acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with t(15;17)(q22;q12) or variants according to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Outside diagnostic material is acceptable to establish diagnosis; submission of peripheral blood specimen for flow cytometry performed at the study institution should be considered. Diagnostic material must have been submitted for cytogenetic and/or molecular testing as clinically appropriate * Treatment-related mortality (TRM) score \>= 13.1 as calculated with simplified model * The use of hydroxyurea before enrollment is permitted; hydroxyurea should be discontinued prior to start of study treatment. Patients with symptoms/signs of hyperleukocytosis or white blood cells (WBC) \> 100,000/uL or with concern for other complications of high tumor burden or leukostasis (e.g. hypoxia, disseminated intravascular coagulation) can be treated with leukapheresis or may receive up to 2 doses of cytarabine (up to 500 mg/m\^2) any time prior to enrollment * Patients may have received low-intensity treatment (e.g. azacitidine/decitabine, lenalidomide, growth factors) for antecedent low-grade myeloid neoplasm (i.e. \< 10% blasts in blood and bone marrow) * Bilirubin \< 2.0 mg/mL unless elevation is thought to be due to hepatic infiltration by neoplastic cells, Gilbert's syndrome, or hemolysis (assessed within 14 days prior to study day 0) * Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) \>= 45%, assessed within 12 months prior to registration, e.g. by multigated acquisition scan (MUGA) scan or echocardiography or another appropriate diagnostic modality * Women of childbearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception beginning at the signing of the consent until at least 4 weeks after the last dose of study drug * Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document
Exclusion criteria
* Myeloid blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), unless patient is not considered candidate for tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment * Concomitant illness associated with a likely survival of \< 1 year * Active systemic fungal, bacterial, viral, or other infection, unless disease is under treatment with anti-microbials and/or controlled or stable. Patients with fever thought to be likely secondary to leukemia are eligible * Known hypersensitivity to any study drug used in this trial * Pregnancy or active breast feeding * Concurrent treatment with any other approved or investigational anti-leukemia agent. Treatment with a FLT3-inhibitor for FLT3-mutated AML is permissible
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 3-month Overall Survival (OS) | Up to 3 months from date of start of protocol therapy | Will evaluate whether CPX-351 or cladribine, cytarabine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and mitoxantrone (CLAG-M), at doses typically used for medically-fit adults with AML, improve 3-month overall survival in medically-unfit adults with AML compared to attenuated dose CPX-351 as used in our previous institutional trial (32 units/m2 per dose). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Complete Remission (CR) Rates | Up to 5 years post treatment | Will compare CR rates between the study arms. |
| MRDneg CR Rates | Up to 5 years post treatment | Will compare MRDneg CR rates between the study arms. |
| Response Duration | Up to 5 years post treatment | Will compare response duration between the study arms. |
| Relapse-free Survival | Up to 5 years post treatment | Will compare RFS between the study arms. |
| Incidence of Adverse Events | AEs were recorded from the time of first exposure to the therapy (start of the first drug administration infusion on day 1) until 4 weeks after the last dose. All-Cause Mortality was monitored from study start to data cut-off dates 5/27/2020 to 9/18/2025 | Will use the CTCAE (National Cancer Institute \[NCI\] Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) version 5.0 for toxicity and adverse event reporting. Will describe the toxicity profile and infectious complications of each study treatment. |
| 30-day Mortality Rate | At 30 days | 30-day mortality rate from start of treatment |
| 60-day Mortality | At 60 days | 60-day mortality rate from start of treatment |
| Quality of Life (QOL): Questionnaire | Up to 5 years post treatment | QOL of patients will be assessed longitudinally using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) core QOL questionnaire (QLQ-C30) and the newly developed acute myeloid leukemia-specific QOL instrument. QOL measures for Global Health Status (GHS), Functional Score, and Symptom Score were scored on a 0-100 scale with lower scores indicating worse outcomes. |
| Patient Use of Medical Resources (e.g. Transfusions) | Up to 5 years post treatment | Electronic medical chart review to enumerate the number of platelet and red blood cell transfusions administered. |
Countries
United States
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORRoland Walter
Fred Hutch/University of Washington Cancer Consortium
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Participants were recruited based on physician referral at University of Washington Medical Center between May 2020 and March 2025. The frist participant was enrolled on May 27, 2020 and the last participant was enrolled on March 3, 2025.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | — |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 48 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 12 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 72 Years |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 2 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 29 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 27 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 30 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 11 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 19 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 22 / 30 | 25 / 30 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 30 / 30 | 30 / 30 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 2 / 30 | 6 / 30 |
Outcome results
None listed