Community-dwelling Older Adults
Conditions
Keywords
Older adults, Multimodal exercise program, Brain dynamics, Cognitive functioning, Physical fitness
Brief summary
The aim of present study is to analyze the effect of a multimodal exercise program on brain dynamics, cognitive functioning and physical fitness in community-dwelling older adults This experimental study is a controlled trial. Participants will be allocated to two groups: experimental group (who attend the multimodal exercise program) and control group (who maintain usual activity). The multimodal exercise program will run for 12 weeks (3 sessions / week of 60 minutes). Participants will be assessed 1) at baseline and at 2) at 12 weeks.
Detailed description
Aging is associated with a decline in cognitive functioning (CF), which influence negatively the motor capacities of older adults (1). Differences on dynamic brain, namely reductions in structural and functional connectivity contribute to cognitive decline. However, efficient communications between brain regions works like a prerequisite for CF (2,3). Programs targeting cognitive functioning improvement evidenced the importance of the information processing speed (IPS). However, IPS may not be the only factor conditioning the relationship between CF and gait in the older people, especially in locomotive tasks that require attention (4). According to Lezak et al. (5), the performance in each area of CF decreases with aging, and the most significant decline is reported on the performance of complex attentional tasks such as selective or divided attention. Recent studies focusing cognitive or physical fitness programs, have been shown that dual-task (DT) performance, particularly involving walking while performing a task with cognitive interference, predicts the risk of frailty, disability and mortality in older people (6,7). According Bahureksa, et al. (8), for balance maintenance is needed to incorporate and decipher the sensorimotor information through CF. On the other hand, exercise programs reported as effective strategies for agility, muscle strength and body composition improvement (9, 10). However, no studies were found focusing the effect and benefits of a multimodal exercise program privileging IPS on brain electrical activity, CF and functional fitness in community-dwelling older adults. This multimodal exercise program, privileging information processing speed and comprising sensorimotor and neurocognitive exercises, may revert the process of loss and decline on brain dynamics, CF and physical fitness in community-dwelling older adults.
Interventions
Each session includes: beginning ritual (5 min), warm-up (15 min), main section comprising the multimodal exercises (30 min), cool-down (5 min), and finishing ritual (5 min). At the initial stage, the activation of different muscle groups will be performed. The main section (multimodal exercises) will be focused on the specific objectives through sensorimotor and neurocognitive activities and will privilege IPS. This section includes periods ranging 10-15 min of exercises mainly focused on motor stimulation - physical fitness (strength, balance and agility) - alternating with exercises mainly focused on cognitive stimulation - CF (planning ability, solving-problems, IPS, attention and DT performance). At the cool-down the participants will normalize their physiological parameters. Finally, at the finishing ritual the participants sign an attendance sheet regarding the session, including perceived exertion (Borg Scale) and satisfaction (Caregiver Treatment Satisfaction questionnaire).
Sponsors
São João de Deus School of Nursing
Horizon 2020 - Portugal 2020 (ALT20-03-0145-FEDER-000007 - Project: ESACA)
University of Évora
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
65 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Male or female participants aged ≥65 years; * Community-dwelling older adults living independently;
Exclusion criteria
* Presence of cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination) (11); * Presence of motor impairment compromising the program participation; * Presence of neurological problems or diseases compromising the program participation;
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change from Baseline, between and within groups comparison | 0, 3 months | Dynamic Brain Outcome Measure - Electroencephalographic evaluation to assess frequency analyses in the alpha, theta and beta power spectrum |
Countries
Portugal
Outcome results
None listed