Obesity
Conditions
Keywords
Nutrition
Brief summary
The study team's objective is to test the effect of supermarket discount levels on fruit and vegetable (F&V) and non-caloric beverage purchasing and consumption, as well as health outcomes. The study team will implement this economic intervention in a local supermarket chain to assess the effects of a 32-week intervention of fruit and vegetable (F&V) and non-caloric beverage discounts of 30%, 15%, and 0% (control group) on purchasing, dietary intake, and health outcomes, including body weight and composition, blood pressure, and biochemical markers of cardiovascular disease risk. The 32-week intervention will be preceded by an 8-week baseline and will have a follow-up period of 16 weeks. There will be no discounts in effect during the baseline and follow-up periods.
Detailed description
The objective is to test the effect of supermarket discount levels on fruit and vegetable (F&V) and non-caloric beverage purchasing and consumption, as well as health outcomes. The study team will implement this economic intervention in a local supermarket chain to assess the effects of a 32-week intervention of fruit and vegetable (F&V) and non-caloric beverage discounts of 30%, 15%, and 0% (control group) on purchasing, dietary intake, and health outcomes, including body weight and composition, blood pressure, and biochemical markers of cardiovascular disease risk. The prediction is that the impact will increase with the level of discount. The 32-week intervention will be preceded by an 8-week baseline and will have a follow-up period of 16 weeks. There will be no discounts in effect during the baseline and follow-up periods. The prediction is that some of the interventional effects will carry over to the follow-up period.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALDiscount Intervention
15% or 30% discount on fruits and vegetables
Sponsors
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* BMI: 24.5 - 50 * Weight Stable (±5% body weight in last 3 mo) * Accessible by telephone * Living in NYC and not planning move * Primary household food shopper * ≥50% of food shopping at Foodtown/Brooklyn Harvest and agrees to 100% shopping at store during study * Consumption of \>50% of food shopping * Eat out or take out ≤5 times weekly
Exclusion criteria
* Pregnant or contemplating pregnancy * Enrolled in related studies * Active weight loss program * Presence of serious medical (e.g. cancer, diabetes) or psychiatric disease (e.g. bipolar) * Changes in medications or smoking in past 3 mo * Excessive alcohol use (≥4 drinks/day) or illicit drug use * Planning a vacation ≥ 4 consecutive weeks or 6 total weeks during study * Receiving SNAP benefits
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Fruit Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 8, 24, 40, 56 | Individual consumption behaviors: Fruit intake as assessed by 24-h dietary recalls |
| Vegetable Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 8, 24, 40, 56 | Individual consumption behaviors: Vegetable intake as assessed by 24-h dietary recalls |
| Bottled Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 8, 24, 40, 56 | Individual consumption behaviors: bottled water intake as assessed by 24-h dietary recalls |
| Seltzer Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 8, 24, 40, 56 | Individual consumption behaviors: seltzer water intake as assessed by 24-h dietary recalls |
| Diet Soda Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 8, 24, 40, 56 | Individual consumption behaviors: diet soda intake as assessed by 24-h dietary recalls |
| Total Non-caloric Beverage Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 8, 24, 40, 56 | Individual consumption behaviors: Total non-caloric beverage intake as assessed by 24-h dietary recalls |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Cholesterol Level | Week 0, 8, 24, 40, 56 | Cholesterol level |
| Gross Weekly Purchasing of Fruits and Vegetables | Week 8-56 | Gross weekly purchasing of fruits and vegetables from the discounted items list in dollars |
| Blood Pressure | Week 0, 8, 24, 40, 56 | Blood pressure systolic and diastolic. |
| Body Weight | Week 0, 8, 24, 40, 56 | Body weight (kg) |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | Week 0, 8, 24, 40, 56 | BMI (kg/m\^2) |
| Percent Body Fat | Week 0, 8, 24, 40, 56 | % body fat |
| Waist Circumference | Week 0, 8, 24, 40, 56 | Waist circumference (cm) |
| Fasting Glucose | Week 0, 8, 24, 40, 56 | Fasting glucose level |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention 15% discount on fruits, vegetables and non-caloric beverages at the designated supermarkets | 38 |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention 30% discount on fruits, vegetables and non-caloric beverages at the designated supermarkets | 33 |
| No Intervention Control Group 0% discount on fruits, vegetables and non-caloric beverages at the designated supermarkets | 36 |
| Total | 107 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | No Intervention Control Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 40.0 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.9 | 41.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.3 | 39.6 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.7 | 40.4 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.9 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 8 Participants | 6 Participants | 6 Participants | 20 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 28 Participants | 25 Participants | 24 Participants | 77 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 6 Participants | 10 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 3 Participants | 6 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 11 Participants | 7 Participants | 17 Participants | 35 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 1 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 3 Participants | 6 Participants | 6 Participants | 15 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 21 Participants | 15 Participants | 8 Participants | 44 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 24 Participants | 19 Participants | 24 Participants | 67 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 14 Participants | 14 Participants | 12 Participants | 40 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 38 | 0 / 33 | 0 / 36 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 38 | 0 / 33 | 0 / 36 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 38 | 0 / 33 | 0 / 36 |
Outcome results
Primary
Bottled Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls
Individual consumption behaviors: bottled water intake as assessed by 24-h dietary recalls
Time frame: Week 8, 24, 40, 56
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Bottled Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 8 | 93 grams |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Bottled Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 24 | 137 grams |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Bottled Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 40 | 217 grams |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Bottled Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 56 | 179 grams |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Bottled Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 56 | 86.8 grams |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Bottled Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 8 | 178 grams |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Bottled Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 40 | 202 grams |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Bottled Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 24 | 156 grams |
| No Intervention Control Group | Bottled Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 56 | 264 grams |
| No Intervention Control Group | Bottled Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 24 | 190 grams |
| No Intervention Control Group | Bottled Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 40 | 272 grams |
| No Intervention Control Group | Bottled Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 8 | 132 grams |
Primary
Diet Soda Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls
Individual consumption behaviors: diet soda intake as assessed by 24-h dietary recalls
Time frame: Week 8, 24, 40, 56
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Diet Soda Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 8 | 1.89 grams |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Diet Soda Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 24 | 12.5 grams |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Diet Soda Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 40 | 4.19 grams |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Diet Soda Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 56 | 13.2 grams |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Diet Soda Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 56 | 69.1 grams |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Diet Soda Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 8 | 33.6 grams |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Diet Soda Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 40 | 57.5 grams |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Diet Soda Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 24 | 78.9 grams |
| No Intervention Control Group | Diet Soda Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 56 | 16.3 grams |
| No Intervention Control Group | Diet Soda Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 24 | 15.1 grams |
| No Intervention Control Group | Diet Soda Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 40 | 18.9 grams |
| No Intervention Control Group | Diet Soda Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 8 | 37.5 grams |
Primary
Fruit Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls
Individual consumption behaviors: Fruit intake as assessed by 24-h dietary recalls
Time frame: Week 8, 24, 40, 56
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Fruit Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 8 | 99.6 grams |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Fruit Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 24 | 127 grams |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Fruit Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 40 | 105 grams |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Fruit Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 56 | 198 grams |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Fruit Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 56 | 124 grams |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Fruit Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 8 | 112 grams |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Fruit Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 40 | 137 grams |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Fruit Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 24 | 120 grams |
| No Intervention Control Group | Fruit Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 56 | 54.9 grams |
| No Intervention Control Group | Fruit Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 24 | 112 grams |
| No Intervention Control Group | Fruit Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 40 | 86.8 grams |
| No Intervention Control Group | Fruit Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 8 | 93.4 grams |
Primary
Seltzer Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls
Individual consumption behaviors: seltzer water intake as assessed by 24-h dietary recalls
Time frame: Week 8, 24, 40, 56
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Seltzer Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 8 | 50.4 grams |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Seltzer Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 24 | 64.4 grams |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Seltzer Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 40 | 77.6 grams |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Seltzer Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 56 | 61.6 grams |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Seltzer Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 56 | 84.8 grams |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Seltzer Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 8 | 47.9 grams |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Seltzer Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 40 | 21.3 grams |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Seltzer Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 24 | 65.2 grams |
| No Intervention Control Group | Seltzer Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 56 | 182 grams |
| No Intervention Control Group | Seltzer Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 24 | 157 grams |
| No Intervention Control Group | Seltzer Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 40 | 159 grams |
| No Intervention Control Group | Seltzer Water Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 8 | 134 grams |
Primary
Total Non-caloric Beverage Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls
Individual consumption behaviors: Total non-caloric beverage intake as assessed by 24-h dietary recalls
Time frame: Week 8, 24, 40, 56
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Total Non-caloric Beverage Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 8 | 146 grams |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Total Non-caloric Beverage Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 24 | 213 grams |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Total Non-caloric Beverage Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 40 | 299 grams |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Total Non-caloric Beverage Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 56 | 253 grams |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Total Non-caloric Beverage Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 56 | 243 grams |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Total Non-caloric Beverage Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 8 | 260 grams |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Total Non-caloric Beverage Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 40 | 281 grams |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Total Non-caloric Beverage Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 24 | 285 grams |
| No Intervention Control Group | Total Non-caloric Beverage Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 56 | 465 grams |
| No Intervention Control Group | Total Non-caloric Beverage Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 24 | 362 grams |
| No Intervention Control Group | Total Non-caloric Beverage Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 40 | 450 grams |
| No Intervention Control Group | Total Non-caloric Beverage Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 8 | 304 grams |
Primary
Vegetable Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls
Individual consumption behaviors: Vegetable intake as assessed by 24-h dietary recalls
Time frame: Week 8, 24, 40, 56
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Vegetable Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 8 | 185 grams |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Vegetable Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 24 | 190 grams |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Vegetable Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 40 | 163 grams |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Vegetable Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 56 | 137 grams |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Vegetable Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 56 | 157 grams |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Vegetable Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 8 | 126 grams |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Vegetable Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 40 | 175 grams |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Vegetable Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 24 | 192 grams |
| No Intervention Control Group | Vegetable Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 56 | 176 grams |
| No Intervention Control Group | Vegetable Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 24 | 136 grams |
| No Intervention Control Group | Vegetable Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 40 | 152 grams |
| No Intervention Control Group | Vegetable Intake as Assessed by 24-h Dietary Recalls | Week 8 | 158 grams |
Secondary
Blood Pressure
Blood pressure systolic and diastolic.
Time frame: Week 0, 8, 24, 40, 56
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Blood Pressure | Week 0 systolic | 121 mmHg |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Blood Pressure | Week 0 diastolic | 76.1 mmHg |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Blood Pressure | Week 8 systolic | 120 mmHg |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Blood Pressure | Week 8 diastolic | 75.6 mmHg |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Blood Pressure | Week 24 systolic | 119 mmHg |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Blood Pressure | Week 24 diastolic | 75 mmHg |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Blood Pressure | Week 40 systolic | 116 mmHg |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Blood Pressure | Week 40 diastolic | 75.1 mmHg |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Blood Pressure | Week 56 systolic | 115 mmHg |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Blood Pressure | Week 56 diastolic | 76 mmHg |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Blood Pressure | Week 56 systolic | 117 mmHg |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Blood Pressure | Week 0 systolic | 117 mmHg |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Blood Pressure | Week 24 diastolic | 71.7 mmHg |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Blood Pressure | Week 24 systolic | 116 mmHg |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Blood Pressure | Week 0 diastolic | 73 mmHg |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Blood Pressure | Week 56 diastolic | 74.1 mmHg |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Blood Pressure | Week 40 diastolic | 75.1 mmHg |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Blood Pressure | Week 8 systolic | 115 mmHg |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Blood Pressure | Week 40 systolic | 118 mmHg |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Blood Pressure | Week 8 diastolic | 72.4 mmHg |
| No Intervention Control Group | Blood Pressure | Week 40 diastolic | 75.2 mmHg |
| No Intervention Control Group | Blood Pressure | Week 8 diastolic | 78.3 mmHg |
| No Intervention Control Group | Blood Pressure | Week 24 systolic | 121 mmHg |
| No Intervention Control Group | Blood Pressure | Week 24 diastolic | 77.8 mmHg |
| No Intervention Control Group | Blood Pressure | Week 56 systolic | 120 mmHg |
| No Intervention Control Group | Blood Pressure | Week 40 systolic | 122 mmHg |
| No Intervention Control Group | Blood Pressure | Week 0 systolic | 122 mmHg |
| No Intervention Control Group | Blood Pressure | Week 56 diastolic | 78.4 mmHg |
| No Intervention Control Group | Blood Pressure | Week 0 diastolic | 77.7 mmHg |
| No Intervention Control Group | Blood Pressure | Week 8 systolic | 121 mmHg |
Secondary
Body Mass Index (BMI)
BMI (kg/m\^2)
Time frame: Week 0, 8, 24, 40, 56
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Body Mass Index (BMI) | Week 40 | 29.7 kg/m^2 |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Body Mass Index (BMI) | Week 24 | 29.8 kg/m^2 |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Body Mass Index (BMI) | Week 56 | 29.8 kg/m^2 |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Body Mass Index (BMI) | Week 8 | 29.7 kg/m^2 |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Body Mass Index (BMI) | Week 0 | 29.7 kg/m^2 |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Body Mass Index (BMI) | Week 0 | 29.7 kg/m^2 |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Body Mass Index (BMI) | Week 8 | 29.5 kg/m^2 |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Body Mass Index (BMI) | Week 24 | 29.1 kg/m^2 |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Body Mass Index (BMI) | Week 40 | 29.8 kg/m^2 |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Body Mass Index (BMI) | Week 56 | 29.6 kg/m^2 |
| No Intervention Control Group | Body Mass Index (BMI) | Week 56 | 29.6 kg/m^2 |
| No Intervention Control Group | Body Mass Index (BMI) | Week 40 | 29.6 kg/m^2 |
| No Intervention Control Group | Body Mass Index (BMI) | Week 0 | 29.3 kg/m^2 |
| No Intervention Control Group | Body Mass Index (BMI) | Week 24 | 29.9 kg/m^2 |
| No Intervention Control Group | Body Mass Index (BMI) | Week 8 | 29.6 kg/m^2 |
Secondary
Body Weight
Body weight (kg)
Time frame: Week 0, 8, 24, 40, 56
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Body Weight | Week 40 | 84.2 kilograms |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Body Weight | Week 24 | 84.4 kilograms |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Body Weight | Week 0 | 84 kilograms |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Body Weight | Week 8 | 84.3 kilograms |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Body Weight | Week 56 | 86 kilograms |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Body Weight | Week 24 | 83 kilograms |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Body Weight | Week 0 | 83.5 kilograms |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Body Weight | Week 8 | 82.8 kilograms |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Body Weight | Week 40 | 83.9 kilograms |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Body Weight | Week 56 | 83.4 kilograms |
| No Intervention Control Group | Body Weight | Week 56 | 84.3 kilograms |
| No Intervention Control Group | Body Weight | Week 40 | 84.6 kilograms |
| No Intervention Control Group | Body Weight | Week 0 | 83.3 kilograms |
| No Intervention Control Group | Body Weight | Week 24 | 85.2 kilograms |
| No Intervention Control Group | Body Weight | Week 8 | 84.6 kilograms |
Secondary
Cholesterol Level
Cholesterol level
Time frame: Week 0, 8, 24, 40, 56
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Cholesterol Level | Week 40 | 180 mg/dL |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Cholesterol Level | Week 24 | 183 mg/dL |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Cholesterol Level | Week 0 | 182 mg/dL |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Cholesterol Level | Week 8 | 173 mg/dL |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Cholesterol Level | Week 56 | 182 mg/dL |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Cholesterol Level | Week 24 | 183 mg/dL |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Cholesterol Level | Week 0 | 184 mg/dL |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Cholesterol Level | Week 8 | 183 mg/dL |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Cholesterol Level | Week 40 | 180 mg/dL |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Cholesterol Level | Week 56 | 188 mg/dL |
| No Intervention Control Group | Cholesterol Level | Week 56 | 198 mg/dL |
| No Intervention Control Group | Cholesterol Level | Week 40 | 190 mg/dL |
| No Intervention Control Group | Cholesterol Level | Week 0 | 192 mg/dL |
| No Intervention Control Group | Cholesterol Level | Week 24 | 196 mg/dL |
| No Intervention Control Group | Cholesterol Level | Week 8 | 194 mg/dL |
Secondary
Fasting Glucose
Fasting glucose level
Time frame: Week 0, 8, 24, 40, 56
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Fasting Glucose | Week 40 | 90.3 mg/dL |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Fasting Glucose | Week 24 | 90.1 mg/dL |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Fasting Glucose | Week 0 | 87.6 mg/dL |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Fasting Glucose | Week 8 | 91.5 mg/dL |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Fasting Glucose | Week 56 | 97.1 mg/dL |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Fasting Glucose | Week 24 | 93.1 mg/dL |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Fasting Glucose | Week 0 | 87.4 mg/dL |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Fasting Glucose | Week 8 | 91.5 mg/dL |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Fasting Glucose | Week 40 | 89.7 mg/dL |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Fasting Glucose | Week 56 | 96.9 mg/dL |
| No Intervention Control Group | Fasting Glucose | Week 56 | 91.1 mg/dL |
| No Intervention Control Group | Fasting Glucose | Week 40 | 89.5 mg/dL |
| No Intervention Control Group | Fasting Glucose | Week 0 | 85 mg/dL |
| No Intervention Control Group | Fasting Glucose | Week 24 | 89.3 mg/dL |
| No Intervention Control Group | Fasting Glucose | Week 8 | 86.3 mg/dL |
Secondary
Gross Weekly Purchasing of Fruits and Vegetables
Gross weekly purchasing of fruits and vegetables from the discounted items list in dollars
Time frame: Week 8-56
Population: Data was not collected as it was not received from vendor due to privacy concerns.
Secondary
Percent Body Fat
% body fat
Time frame: Week 0, 8, 24, 40, 56
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Percent Body Fat | Week 40 | 34.1 percent of body fat |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Percent Body Fat | Week 24 | 34 percent of body fat |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Percent Body Fat | Week 0 | 34 percent of body fat |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Percent Body Fat | Week 8 | 33.5 percent of body fat |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Percent Body Fat | Week 56 | 34.2 percent of body fat |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Percent Body Fat | Week 24 | 33 percent of body fat |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Percent Body Fat | Week 0 | 33.2 percent of body fat |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Percent Body Fat | Week 8 | 32.6 percent of body fat |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Percent Body Fat | Week 40 | 33.8 percent of body fat |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Percent Body Fat | Week 56 | 33.5 percent of body fat |
| No Intervention Control Group | Percent Body Fat | Week 56 | 34.2 percent of body fat |
| No Intervention Control Group | Percent Body Fat | Week 40 | 34.4 percent of body fat |
| No Intervention Control Group | Percent Body Fat | Week 0 | 33.4 percent of body fat |
| No Intervention Control Group | Percent Body Fat | Week 24 | 34.2 percent of body fat |
| No Intervention Control Group | Percent Body Fat | Week 8 | 33.3 percent of body fat |
Secondary
Waist Circumference
Waist circumference (cm)
Time frame: Week 0, 8, 24, 40, 56
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Waist Circumference | Week 40 | 37.7 centimeters |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Waist Circumference | Week 24 | 38 centimeters |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Waist Circumference | Week 0 | 37.9 centimeters |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Waist Circumference | Week 8 | 38.3 centimeters |
| Experimental 15% Discount Intervention | Waist Circumference | Week 56 | 38 centimeters |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Waist Circumference | Week 24 | 37.6 centimeters |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Waist Circumference | Week 0 | 37.5 centimeters |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Waist Circumference | Week 8 | 37.7 centimeters |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Waist Circumference | Week 40 | 37.5 centimeters |
| Experimental 30% Discount Intervention | Waist Circumference | Week 56 | 37.8 centimeters |
| No Intervention Control Group | Waist Circumference | Week 56 | 37.6 centimeters |
| No Intervention Control Group | Waist Circumference | Week 40 | 38.3 centimeters |
| No Intervention Control Group | Waist Circumference | Week 0 | 38.3 centimeters |
| No Intervention Control Group | Waist Circumference | Week 24 | 37.6 centimeters |
| No Intervention Control Group | Waist Circumference | Week 8 | 38.6 centimeters |