Borderline Personality Disorder, Mothers
Conditions
Brief summary
The first disorder-specific parenting training program for mothers with Borderline Personality Disorder (M-BPD) is evaluated in a randomized controlled trial. The training program is expected to have positive effects on parenting behavior, decrease the risk of maltreatment of the child, and improve emotion regulation in mothers at post treatment and at 6-month follow-up compared to a control group (treatment as usual; TAU). Additionally, disorder-specific aspects of dysfunctional parenting behavior as well as BPD-specific aspects of child maltreatment are compared to a clinical control group (mothers with anxiety and/or depression, M-AD/D) and a healthy control group (M-CON). To assess the differential development of parenting, the risk of maltreatment and emotion dysregulation in untreated M-BPD are compared to M-CON. The investigators expect the difference to increase over time, indicating a worsening in BPD parenting.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALGroup training for mothers with Borderline Personality Disorder
The group programme is designed to teach mothers with BPD parenting skills and to reduce dysfunctional parenting attitudes and strategies. The components are: childrens basics needs, mindfulness, stress and stress reduction, dealing with conflicts, dealing with emotions, dysfunctional attitudes, physical contact, parenting rules, self care.
Sponsors
Ruhr University of Bochum
University of Bremen
Freie Universität Berlin
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
randomized controlled trial with intervention group and waiting group (treatment as usual)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
for mothers with BPD: 1. diagnosed with BPD (assessed via SCID-PD) 2. running or completed therapy for BPD symptoms 3. child between 6 months and 6 years 4. living with child or regular (weekly) contact
Exclusion criteria
for the mothers with BPD 1. Acute child endangerment 2. maternal acute suicidality 3. maternal psychotic symptoms (assessed via SCID-CV) 4. maternal acute alcohol or drug dependency (assessed via SCID-CV) 5. maternal diagnosed intellectual disability. Inclusion criteria for mothers with depression and/or anxiety disorders: 1. diagnosed with acute affective or anxiety disorder (assessed via SCID-CV) 2. child between 6 months and 6 years 3. living with child or regular (weekly) contact
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in child neglect | day 0 (before treatment), week 12 (after treatment), month 9 (6 months after second assessment) and for the intervention group after each session. | Child Neglect Index (CNI; Trocmé, 1996). The CNI measures child neglect, rated by the diagnostician. Range 0-80 with higher values indicating higher neglect. |
| Change in positive and dysfunctional parenting strategies | day 0 (before treatment), week 12 (after treatment), month 9 (6 months after second assessment) | Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (Frick, 1991; German DEAPQ-EL-GS; Reichle & Franiek, 2007). The questionnaire assesses several parenting strategies with 7 subscales (positive parenting, responsible parenting, parental Involvement, poor monitoring/supervision, inconsistent discipline, corporal punishment, powerful implementation). Range 6-30, with higher values indicating more of the respective parenting strategy |
| Change in child rearing competence | day 0 (before treatment), week 12 (after treatment), month 9 (6 months after second assessment) | Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC, Gibeau- Wallston & Wandersman, 1978; German FKE; Miller, 2001). The PSOC measures how parents perceive their child rearing competence. Range 0-96 with higher values indicating higher sense of competence. |
| Change in parental stress | day 0 (before treatment), week 12 (after treatment), month 9 (6 months after second assessment) | Parental Stress Index (PSI, Abidin, 1995; German EBI; Tröster, 2010). The PSI is a dimensional rating of parental stress. Range 48 - 240 with higher values indicating higher stress. |
| Change in physical and psychological aggression towards child | day 0 (before treatment), week 12 (after treatment), month 9 (6 months after second assessment) | Conflict Tactic Scale - Parent Child (CTS-PC; Strauss, 1998). The CTSPC measures the extent to which a parent has carried out specific acts of physical and psychological aggression. Range 0-300 with higher values indicating higher annual frequency |
| Change in physical abuse potential | day 0 (before treatment), week 12 (after treatment), month 9 (6 months after second assessment) | Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI, Milner, 1986, German EBSK; Deegener et al., 2009). The CAPI measures physical abuse potential with reference to the individual burden and three validity scales: a lie scale, a random response scale, and an inconsistency scale. t-values are calculated considering all scales. |
| Change in dysfunctional discipline practices | day 0 (before treatment), week 12 (after treatment), month 9 (6 months after second assessment) | Parenting Scale (Arnold, O'Leary, Wolff & Acker, 1993; german version: Erziehungsfragebogen-Kurzform, EFB-K; Miller, 2001). Questionniare measuring dysfunctional discipline practices in parents. Mean values range between 1-7 with higher values indicating more negative parenting strategies. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in borderline specific thoughts and feelings | day 0 (before treatment), week 12 (after treatment), month 9 (6 months after second assessment) | Questionnaire of Thoughts and Feelings (QTF, Renneberg et al., 2010). The QTF measures borderline specific thoughts and feelings. Range 1-5 with higher values indicating more BPD-specific thoughts and feelings. |
| Change in emotion regulation | day 0 (before treatment), week 12 (after treatment), month 9 (6 months after second assessment) | Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004). Difficulties in emotion regulation are measured with a) awareness and understanding of emotions; (b) acceptance of emotions; (c) the ability to engage in goal-directed behavior, and refrain from impulsive behavior, when experiencing negative emotions; and (d) access to emotion regulation strategies perceived as effective. Range 36 - 180 with higher values indicating more problems in emotion regulation. |
| Change in mental distress | day 0 (before treatment), week 12 (after treatment), month 9 (6 months after second assessment) | Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI, Derogatis, 1975; German: Franke, 2000). The BSI measures mental distress. Results are displayed via t-values. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| client satisfaction | week 12 (after treatment) (intervention group only) | Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8, Attkisson & Zwick, 1982; German ZUF-8; Schmidt, Lamprecht & Wittmann, 1989). CSQ-8 measures client satisfaction with intervention. Range 8-32 with higher values indicating greater satisfaction. |
| Negative intervention outcomes | week 12 (after treatment) (intervention group only) | Questionniare assessing negative intervention outcomes (INEP, Ladwig, Rief, & Nestoriouc, 2014).The INEP measures negative effects of psychotherapy in different areas of life (intrapersonal change, relationships, friendships, family, malpractice, and stigmatization). Range from -3 to +3. Higher values indicating better therapeutic course. |
Countries
Germany
Contacts
Primary ContactCharlotte Rosenbach, Dr.
Outcome results
None listed