Halitosis
Conditions
Brief summary
Malodor is a multifactorial condition with oral pathology representing the main culprit and the tongue being the first to second contributor to the malodor. Bacterial load can represent a quantifiable measure regardless of the original pathology. It is hypothesized that reduction in malodor can be represented by tongue changes both in appearance, bacterial and biofilm load reduction (measured by CFU and volatile gases measurement), organoleptic measurement and subjective improvement. Methods: A randomized controlled prospective study under IRB approval. Diagnostic criteria for enrollment and follow up were organoleptic test by 2 judges, halimeter reading, tongue colores changes HALT questionnaire and direct aerobic and anaerobic tongue cultures measured by CFU. Patients were treated with laser tongue debridement (LTD) with an Er,Cr:YSGG solid state laser has been shown to be effective in biofilm reduction.
Interventions
DEVICEWaterlase Express Laser System
10-minute treatment with the Waterlase Express (Biolase, Irvine CA). The dorso-posterior surface of the tongue is treated with the laser in 10 passes of 60 seconds each with 10 seconds of rest in between. Laser settings were 60μs pulse width, 4W, 40Hz, 10% air and 5% water irrigation. An MC12 sapphire laser tip (Biolase, Irvine CA) is held 3mm away from the tongue in a constant sweeping motion during treatment with passes overlapping passes in alternate direction, side to side motion and front to back motion with laser fluence on the tongue surface calculated at 3J/cm2. The settings were non ablative and non thermal.
DEVICETongue scraper
mechanical scraping of the dorso-posterior surface of the tongue
Sponsors
Biolase Inc
Ohio State University
New York Head & Neck Institute
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* an individual (male or female) who can understand and voluntarily sign an informed consent form * a baseline organoleptic oral malodor score of at least 2
Exclusion criteria
* severe caries, * signs of gingival inflammation on intraoral exam * possible extra-oral halitosis (tonsillitis, sinusitis, and pulmonary pathologic conditions, or a condition that may contribute to systemic halitosis, such as hepatic cirrhosis or uncontrolled diabetes) * antibiotic treatment within 1 month prior to study * pregnant
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Halimeter measurement | change from baseline to 1 month | Measurement of volatile sulfur compounds in patient's breath. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| HALT questionnaire | change from baseline to 1 month | Quality of life (QOL) questionnaire that ranks responses. The total score is evaluated on a scale of 0-100. A score of 0 correlates to no perceived effect on QOL, and a score of 100 correlates to a severe perceived effect on QOL. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| bacterial load | change from baseline to 1 month | Sample is collected from the dorsal tongue surface. Total anaerobic and aerobic bacterial colonies are counted (CFU). |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed