ADHD
Conditions
Keywords
peer relationships
Brief summary
Children's peer relationships in elementary school are important to promote their academic learning and their social-emotional development. Many children with or at risk for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have difficulty being accepted and getting along with their classroom peers. This study tested a classroom intervention that aimed to help improve the peer relationships of elementary school age children, with a particular focus on children with or at risk for ADHD.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALMaking Socially Accepting Inclusive Classrooms
Using a consultation model, study staff members met with teachers approximately twice per month and observed them an additional two times per month. The goal was to help teachers implement practices that create a socially accepting classroom climate for children.
Sponsors
University of British Columbia
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
Some outcome measures are collected through interviewing children and their classmates, who would not be aware of the intervention condition of their classroom; this is because the intervention is delivered to the classroom teacher outside of class time.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
5 Years to 11 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
-General education teachers of grades K-5 or children in these teachers' classrooms
Exclusion criteria
-None
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Children's Peer Relationships - Peer Report | Change from baseline to post-test (approximately 7 months after baseline) | Assessed through peer sociometric interviews. The proportion of positive nominations, negative nominations, friendships, and the average liking rating received from peers will be calculated. More positive nominations and friendship nominations, fewer negative nominations, and higher liking ratings are considered to be positive outcomes. |
| Children's Peer Relationships - Child Self-Report | Change from baseline to post-test (approximately 7 months after baseline) | Assessed through child self-report on the Classroom Life Measure. There are 9 items about peer relationships, each answered from a scale of 0-4. Scores range from 0-36 where higher numbers indicate more positive outcomes. |
| Children's Peer Relationships - Teacher Report | Change from baseline to post-test (approximately 7 months after baseline) | Assessed through teacher report on the Dishion Social Acceptance Scale. The teacher estimates the proportion of classmates that like, dislike, and are neutral toward the child. Higher proportions of liking and lower proportions of disliking and neutrality represent positive outcomes. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Children's Academic Functioning - Teacher Report | Change from baseline to post-test (approximately 7 months after baseline) | Assessed through teacher report on the Academic Competence Evaluation Scales. This is a normed measure with 10 items about interpersonal skills, 8 about engagement, and 11 about motivation, each rated on a 1-5 scale. Each subscale represents the sum of the items on the subscale, and higher scores indicate positive outcomes. |
| Children's Problem Behaviors - Teacher Report | Change from baseline to post-test (approximately 7 months after baseline) | Assessed through teacher report of ADHD symptoms on the ADHD-4 Rating Scale. There are 18 symptom items, each rated on a scale of 0-3. Lower scores indicate positive outcomes. |
| Children's Academic Functioning - Grades | Change from baseline to post-test (approximately 7 months after baseline) | Assessed through grades on children's report cards. Higher grades indicates positive outcomes. |
| Children's Social Behaviors - Observations | Change from baseline to post-test (approximately 7 months after baseline) | Assessed through behavioral observations on children's classroom behaviors. This is a proportion score indicating children's off-task, interfering, defiant, and verbally aggressive behaviors. Lower scores indicate positive outcomes. |
Outcome results
None listed