Apnea, Exercise Training, High-Intensity Interval Training, Respiratory Muscle Training
Conditions
Brief summary
The aim of this randomized cross-over controlled study was to assess the effects of an 4-week exercise program on the recovery capacity after a voluntary maximal apnea. Participants will be randomly allocated to receive either a high intensity interval training (HIIT), or an inspiratory muscle training (IMT) using an inspiratory resistance device.
Detailed description
It is a multi-center study. 3 different Spanish Freedivers Centres are included in the study (Madrid, Zaragoza, and Barcelona). For each participant, exercise program started with one or the other program. Hence, both interventions were applied once with the participant randomly allocated to receive the same intervention. The trial included four study visits. Each exercise training program will be applied sessions per week during 4 weeks. Participants received baseline assessments at the beginning of nay intervention, and post-intervention assessments at the end of the fourth week. The wash-out period will be two weeks. After these two weeks participants switched intervention.
Interventions
OTHERHigh intensity interval training
Participants will perform 3 HIIT sessions per week, involving 10 min of intense exercise within a time commitment of 30 min per session, including warm-up, recovery between intervals and cool down.
OTHERInspiratory muscle training
Participants will perform 3 inspiratory resistance training sessions per week, involving 30 min per session, including warm-up, recovery between intervals
Sponsors
Centro Universitario La Salle
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Intervention model description
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Absence of pain or illness * No changes in cognitive ability * Over 18 years old. * Member of the Spanish Federation of Underwater Activities. * Positive medical examination that allows the diver to practice voluntary apnea.
Exclusion criteria
* People with systemic diseases, tumors, infections, pacemakers, history of epilepsy, hydrophobia, pregnancy women, pharmacological treatment. * To be participating in other physical activities during the experimental research
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Oxygen Saturation recovery | Before and after training intervention (after 4 weeks) | Oxygen Saturation recovery will be record by the experimenters every 5 seconds by a handheld pulse-oximeter during the 1 min recovery time after a maximal dynamic apnea. The outcome represents the time it takes to get a 95% of saturation during these 1 minute. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Lung function (forced spirometry) | Before and after training intervention (after 4 weeks) | The Spirometry will be perform according to American Thoracic Society criteria and was measured in litres. The maneuver will be perform 3 times and recording the best one. |
| Maximum Respiratory Pressures | Before and after training intervention (after 4 weeks) | The maximum respiratory pressures (MIP and MEP) will be measure with a device. This device applies an inspiratory/expiratory load which provides a resistance. The maneuver will be perform in a sitting position. Measuring a minimum of 3 times will be perform, recording the highest value. |
| Lactic acid recovery | Before and after training intervention (after 4 weeks) | The level of lactic acid in the blood will be measure by a device that used a blood lactic acid measurement that you've gotten by the finger-stick method. It will be record by the experimenters 3 times: immediately after the maximal dynamic apnea, after 3 min and after 10 min of the maximal dynamic apnea. |
| Heart Rate recovery | Before and after training intervention (after 4 weeks) | Heart Rate will be record by the experimenters every 5 seconds by a handheld pulse-oximeter during the 1 min recovery time after a maximal dynamic apnea. The outcome represents how long does it take before the participant periodic Heart Rate is stabilized during these 1 minute. |
Countries
Spain
Outcome results
None listed