Fear, Pain
Conditions
Keywords
school-age children, emergency treatment, intravenous placement, virtual reality, pain, fear
Brief summary
Exploring the use of virtual reality as a distracting intervention strategy for school-age children to receive intravenous placement in emergency department, and further understand the effectiveness of reducing pain and fear during the invasive procedure.
Interventions
DEVICEVirtual Reality
virtual reality (VR) as a distracting intervention could reduce pain and fear during an IV placement for school-age children in the emergent department.
Sponsors
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
7 Years to 12 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Children ages 7-12 * Children who were clearly conscious * Children who agreed and were required to receive intravenous injections after physicians' diagnoses * Children and their primary caregivers who could communicate in Mandarin or Taiwanese * Children and their primary caregivers who could read Chinese that agreed to participate in this study and sign written consent forms
Exclusion criteria
* Children with developmental delay, epilepsy, or heart diseases * Children undergoing chemotherapy; children who were visually or hearing impaired * Children who were nearsighted with more than 8.0 diopters or farsighted with 5.0 diopters * Children who had sustained head trauma in the past month * Children who were confirmed to be obese according to the recommended body mass index values for children and adolescents * Children who required blood transfusions and blood preparation to be performed according to physician diagnoses * Children who received two or more intravenous injections and had their blood drawn only one time
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The degrees of pain experienced by the children. | The posttests 8 min after the tourniquets were worn. | Measurement of pain using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale(WBFPS). The scale contains six cartoon faces showing pain ratings of 0-10, which are, from left to right, no pain (0), a little pain (2), mild pain (4), average pain (6), severe pain (8), and excruciating pain (10).The children, primary caregivers, and nurses were asked to select the faces that best described the pain levels experienced by the children receiving intravenous injections; the pain levels were subsequently converted into numerical values . |
| The degrees of fear experienced by the children. | The posttests 8 min after the tourniquets were worn. | Measurement of fear using the Choldren Fear Scale(CFS).The scale consists of five cartoon faces showing fear ratings of 0-4, which were no fear (0), a little fear (1), some fear (2), very fear(3) and extreme fear (4). The children, primary caregivers, and nurses were asked to select the faces that best described the fear levels of the children receiving intravenous injections. The pain levels were subsequently converted into numerical values. |
Countries
Taiwan
Outcome results
None listed