Athletic Performance
Conditions
Keywords
ketogenic diet, western diet, soccer, sport performance, muscle mass, body composition
Brief summary
A ketogenic diet (KD) is a nutritional approach, usually adopted for weight loss, that restricts daily carbohydrates under 30 g/day. KD showed contradictory results on sport performance, whilst no data are available on team sports. The investigators will investigate the influence of a KD on different parameters in soccer players
Detailed description
Sixteen semi-professional soccer players will be randomly assigned to a ketogenic diet (KD n=8) or to a western diet (WD n=8). Diets contain the same amount of protein (1.8g/Kg body weight/day). Body weight and body composition will be measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Resting energy expenditure (REE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), cross sectional area (CSA) and isometric muscle strength of quadriceps, counter movement jump (CMJ) and yoyo intermittent recovery test will be measured.
Interventions
OTHERWestern diet
Subjects in this intervention will follow a normal western diet
OTHERketogenic diet
Subjects in this group will follow a low carbohydrate ketogenic diet
Sponsors
Antonio Paoli
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
DOUBLE (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
Treatment and control were masked with A and B
Intervention model description
It is single blind, parallel arms study
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 30 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* semiprofessional soccer players * male
Exclusion criteria
* body fat percentage over 32%, (determined via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry DEXA), * cardiovascular, * respiratory, gastrointestinal, * thyroid or any other metabolic diseases, * weight change more than 2 Kg over the last month, * adherence to special diets, * use of nutritional supplements (except a daily multivitamin-mineral) * use of medication to control blood lipids or glucose and goal-keepers.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Fat body mass | 4 weeks | Body composition with DEXA: we measure body fat mass in grams. |
| lean body mass | 4 weeks | Body composition with DEXA: we measure lean body mass in grams. |
| Visceral Adipose tissue (VAT) | 4 weeks | Body composition with DEXA: VAT in grams |
| Total body water | 4 weeks | We will use a BIA to calculate totally body water and intracellular and extracellular water in liters |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| lower limb power | 4 weeks | squat jump test: height of the jump in cm |
| quadriceps muscle area | 4 weeks | muscle area measured in cm2 through ultrasound |
| quadriceps strength per area | 4 weeks | the strength of isometric contraction (outcome 10) normalized per muscle area (Outcome 7). Expressed as (N x cm2) |
| quadriceps strength | 4 weeks | isometric contraction measured in N, the normalized per muscle area (N x cm2) |
| quadriceps muscle thickness | 4 weeks | muscle thickness measured cm through ultrasound |
| resting energy expenditure (REE) | 4 weeks | Measured through gas analyzer in ml/02/kg min |
| respiratory ratio (RR) | 4 weeks | Measured through gas analyses (ratio between CO2 and O2) |
| specific performance | 4 weeks | Yoyo intermittent recovery test level 1: in seconds |
Countries
Italy
Outcome results
None listed