Implementing CAPABLE in PSH

The modified Katz Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Index is an 8-item questionnaire that was completed by participants to rate their ability to perform daily activities, such as bathing, toileting, eating, and dressing, across a 5-point Likert scale (1 = no difficulty, 2 = a little difficulty, 3 = moderate difficulty, 4 = a lot of difficulty, 5 = unable to do). Items are summed to obtain a score with minimum and maximum values of 8 to 40, respectively, whereby higher scores represent greater difficulty performing ADLs.

Time frame: Change of ability to perform activities of daily living from baseline to 6-month follow up (post-intervention).

Eight of the nine items in the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were used to measure depression, rated on a 4-point scale of how frequently participants were bothered by the eight problems during a 2-week period (0 = not at all, 1 = several days, 2 = more than half the days, and 3 = nearly every day). Items are summed to obtain a score with minimum and maximum values of 0 to 24, respectively, whereby higher scores represent greater depressive symptoms.

Time frame: Change in depression symptoms from baseline to 6-month follow up (post-intervention).

Participants rated their confidence they could do each of 10 activities without falling on a 10-point scale, with total scores ranging from 10 (not very confident) to 100 (very confident) using the Tinetti Falls Efficacy Scale. Thus, higher scores indicate greater efficacy related to falls.

Time frame: Change of falls efficacy from baseline to 6-month follow up (post-intervention).

The Brief Instrumental Functioning Scale will be used to assess ability to perform in six functions: bathing, dressing, going to toilet, transferring, continence, and feeding. Each area is assessed on a five point scale; participants rated their ability to perform daily tasks on a 5-point scale (1 = no difficulty, 2 = a little difficulty, 3 = moderate difficulty, 4 = a lot of difficulty, 5 = unable to do). Items are summed to obtain a score with minimum and maximum values of 8 to 40, respectively, whereby higher scores represent greater difficulty performing ADLs.

Time frame: Change of ability to perform IADLs from baseline to 6-month follow up (post-intervention).

Mean number of falls to the ground during the past year.

Time frame: Number of falls in the past year reported at 6-month follow up.

Pain interference with usual activities was assessed using an item from the 3-item PEG to assess average pain intensity (P), interference with enjoyment of life (E), and interference with general activity (G) on a 10-point Likert scale from 0 (does not interfere) to 10 (completely interferes).

Time frame: Change in the degree that pain interferes with usual activities from baseline to 6-month follow up (post-intervention).

Quality of life was assessed using a single item: Overall, how would you rate your quality of life? Response options ranged from 1 = worst possible quality of life to 11 = best possible quality of life. Thus, a higher value indicated greater self-rated quality of life.

Time frame: Change in quality of life from baseline to 6-month follow up (post-intervention).

Population: Analytic sample consisted of participants with valid information on the item(s) (e.g., who are not missing on item(s)). Two participants in the control group were excluded due to invalid responses.

Self-rated health was measured on a 5-point scale (1 = excellent, 2 = very good, 3 = good, 4 = fair, 5 = poor). A higher score indicates poorer self-rated quality of health.

Time frame: Change in self-rated health from baseline to 6-month follow up (post-intervention).

History of emergency room visits during the past year assessed by asking: How many times did you visit the emergency room in the past year (since the last survey)? Outcome is the mean number of ER visits in past 6 months.

Time frame: Number of ER visits in past 6 months reported at follow up.

Population: Analytic sample consisted of participants with valid information on the item(s) (e.g., who are not missing on item(s)). One participant in the treatment group and one participant in the control group were excluded due to invalid responses.

History of hospitalization during the past year assessed by asking: How many times did you stay overnight in a hospital in the past year (since the last survey)? Outcome measure is the mean number of overnight hospitalizations in past 6 months.

Time frame: Number of overnight hospitalizations in past 6 months reported at 6-month follow up.

Population: Analytic sample consisted of participants with valid information on the item(s) (e.g., who are not missing on item(s)). One participant in the treatment group and one participant in the control group were excluded due to invalid responses.

History of emergency room visits during the past year assessed by asking: How many times did you visit the emergency room in the past year (since the last survey)?

Time frame: Proportion of participants with ER visits in past 6 months reported at 6-month follow up.

Population: Analytic sample consisted of participants with valid information on the item(s) (e.g., who are not missing on item(s)). One participant in the treatment group and one participant in the control group were excluded due to invalid responses.

History of hospitalization during the past year assessed by asking: How many times did you stay overnight in a hospital in the past year (since the last survey)?

Time frame: Proportion of participants with hospitalizations in past 6 months reported at 6-month follow-up

Population: Analytic sample consisted of participants with valid information on the item(s) (e.g., who are not missing on item(s)). One participant in the treatment group and one participant in the control group were excluded due to invalid responses.