Suicidal and Self-injurious Behavior
Conditions
Keywords
Suicidal and Self-injurious Behavior
Brief summary
In the United States (U.S.), suicide is a major public health concern. U.S. Veterans who live in rural areas may be at even higher risk for suicide than their urban counterparts. Available evidence indicates that suicide risk in rural U.S. Veterans is most concentrated during high-risk care transition scenarios such as discharge from an emergency room. There is limited knowledge about effective interventions to address suicide risk. There is a critical need to develop targeted interventions that address suicide risk during high-risk care transition periods. To be effective, these interventions should address key contributors to suicide risk such as reduced engagement in treatment. This clinical trial evaluates the effect of a suicide prevention intervention to support treatment engagement during high risk transition periods such as discharge from an emergency room.
Detailed description
In the United States (U.S.), death by suicide is a notable public health concern and a particular problem in the U.S. Veteran population. Furthermore, U.S. Veterans who live in rural areas may be at even greater risk for suicide than their urban counterparts. These risks may be concentrated during times of transition in their treatment such as after emergency room discharge. Multiple interventions have been developed to target suicide risk during periods of transition but there is limited evidence regarding their efficacy in preventing suicide. Furthermore, a key contributor to suicide risk may include limited or no engagement in care. Therefore, developing interventions to support engagement in treatment may be effective ways to help mitigate suicide risk and promote participation in care. This clinical trial studies an intervention that is designed to help support treatment engagement during periods of high risk in Veterans who live in rural areas. The trial will recruit Veterans from various treatment settings such as the emergency room, residential drug treatment programs, primary care mental health clinics, and/or inpatient psychiatric units and follow them for a period of six months. The trial evaluates not only the effect of the intervention on suicidal behavior but also measures of engagement.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALSuicide Prevention Program
Structured care management to improve adherence to discharge planning.
Sponsors
US Department of Veterans Affairs
White River Junction Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Inpatient psychiatric unit: * Per the unit psychiatrist, hospitalization was due to concerns about acute risk for self-harm including suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and/or admitting provider deemed the patient was at imminent risk for self-harm * Be a Veteran eligible to receive VA services * Be able to speak English Inpatient medical-surgical unit: * Received a mental health consultation during admission on the medical-surgical unit * Per the consult-liaison psychiatrist, patient was recently (within past three months of hospitalization) or is currently at risk for self-harm including suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, or self-harm * Be a Veteran eligible to receive VA services; be 18 years or older; be able to speak English Residential Rehabilitation Center (RRC) program: * Per the RRC treatment team, patient was recently (within past three months of hospitalization) or is currently at risk for self-harm including suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, or self-harm * Be a Veteran eligible to receive VA services; be 18 years or older; be able to speak English Primary Mental Health Clinic (PMHC): * The patient was recently seen for a new evaluation in the WRJ PMHC clinic or a local integrated care clinic that are part of the White River Junction VA Medical Center Catchment Area (i.e., Burlington, Littleton, Rutland, Bennington, Brattleboro, or Keene) by either the mental health nurse practitioner, the psychologist, the psychiatry resident or a psychiatric attending * The patient is currently at risk for self-harm including suicidal ideation of any severity, suicide attempt, or self-harm; This could have been identified based on a formal suicide assessment scale such as the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale or by clinician assessment as documented in the intake note * Be a Veteran eligible to receive VA services; be 18 years or older; be able to speak English
Exclusion criteria
* Unable to provide informed consent * Potentially vulnerable populations including prisoners, institutionalized patients, or involuntarily committed patients
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS) | Change from Baseline BSS at 1-, 3-, and 6-months | The BSS ranges from 0-38. While there is no established BSS cutoff score to classify suicide risk, there is evidence that higher scores on the BSS correspond to more severe suicidal ideation and that a change of five points or more on the total BSS scores may be clinically relevant. Mean scores at baseline were calculated. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The Partners in Health Scale (PIH) (Self Management) | Change from Baseline PIH at 1-, 3-, and 6-months | The PIH is used to measure patient self-management of chronic conditions. It is a 12-item instrument, each question measured on a Likert scale of 0-8. Scores range from 0-72. Higher scores indicate better self-management. Mean scores at baseline were calculated. |
| The Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-15: Thwarted Belongingness (INQ-15 TB) | Baseline, 1-month, 3-month, 6-month | The INQ-15 is a 15-item self-report scale that measures thwarted belongingness (9 items) and perceived burdensomeness (6 items). Each item is measured on a 7-point Likert scale, with higher scores suggesting lower perceived connectedness. The score range for the entire scale is 15-105, with the score range for thwarted belongingness being 7-49. Mean scores at baseline were calculated. |
| Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire 15: Perceived Burdensomeness (INQ-15 PB) | Change from Baseline INQ-15 PB at 1-, 3-, and 6-months | The INQ-15 is a 15-item self-report scale that measures thwarted belongingness (9 items) and perceived burdensomeness (6 items). Each item is measured on a 7-point Likert scale, with higher scores suggesting lower perceived connectedness. The score range for the entire scale is 15-105, with the score range for perceived burdensomeness being 7-49. The perceived burdensomeness Mean scores at baseline were calculated. |
| The Beck Scale for Hopelessness (BHS) | Change from Baseline BHS at 1-, 3-, and 6-months | The BHS ranges from 0-20 with higher scores associated with increased hopelessness. |
| Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) | Change from Baseline MSPSS at 1-, 3-, and 6-months | The MSPSS is a 12-item self-reported scale that is designed to ask about support from several sources including friends, family and significant others. The scale has been shown to have good internal and test-retest reliability as well as good validity. The score range is 1-7 with higher values indicating increased perception of social support. |
| Suicide-Related Coping Scale (SRCS) | Change from Baseline SRCS at 1-, 3-, and 6-months | This scale includes 17 questions related to a patient's perception of their ability to cope with suicidal thoughts. Each item is assessed using a 5-point Likert scale. The scale includes two subscales including an External Coping subscale and an Internal Coping Subscale. The score range for the entire scale is 0-68 with the External Coping being 0-28 and the Internal Coping being 0-28. Higher scores indicate increased perception of suicide-related coping. Mean scores at baseline were calculated. |
| App Engagement Scale (AES) - for Mobile Applications | Change in AES scores at 1- and 6-months | The App Engagement Scale (AES) is adapted from the end-user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS). The AES has been studied in patients with mental health conditions, has been shown to have good internal reliability, and is strongly related to app engagement. All items are rated on a 5-point scale from 1.Inadequate to 5.Excellent with scores ranging from 0 - 40. Higher scores are associated with increased perceived quality of the mobile application. |
| Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) | Number of events according to the CSSR-S at 1-, 3-, and 6-months | The C-SSRS is a valid and reliable scale that includes a seven-item subscale that asks patients to self-report on actual attempts, interrupted attempts, aborted attempts, and preparatory acts or behaviors. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Usual Care Standard care that occurs as part of mental health treatment. | 28 |
| Suicide Prevention Program Suicide Prevention Program: Structured care management to improve adherence to discharge planning. | 31 |
| Total | 59 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 2 | 5 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 1 | 0 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Total | Suicide Prevention Program | Usual Care |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 51.0 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.5 | 52.97 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.09 | 48.61 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.73 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 2 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 57 Participants | 30 Participants | 27 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) - Mean Score at Baseline | 4.5 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.6 | 4.7 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.6 | 4.4 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.7 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 5 Participants | 1 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 52 Participants | 30 Participants | 22 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 59 participants | 31 participants | 28 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 11 Participants | 4 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 48 Participants | 27 Participants | 21 Participants |
| Suicide-Related Coping Scale (SRCS) - Mean Score at Baseline | 53.2 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.4 | 54.5 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.4 | 51.8 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.4 |
| The Beck Scale for Hopelessness (BHS) - Mean Score at Baseline | 9.3 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.3 | 9.0 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.2 | 9.7 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.4 |
| The Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS) - Mean Score at Baseline | 10.2 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.6 | 11.0 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.1 | 9.3 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10 |
| The Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-15: Perceived Burdensomeness(INQ-15 PB)-Mean Score at Baseline | 18.5 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.8 | 18.9 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.2 | 17.9 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.4 |
| The Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-15: Thwarted Belongingness (INQ-15 TB) -Mean Score at Baseline | 36.2 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.6 | 35.4 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.1 | 37.2 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 11 |
| The Partners in Health Scale (PIH) (self management) - Mean Score at Baseline | 67.1 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.2 | 67.0 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.4 | 67.2 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.9 |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 31 | 0 / 28 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 9 / 31 | 8 / 28 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 31 | 0 / 28 |
Outcome results
Primary
The Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS)
The BSS ranges from 0-38. While there is no established BSS cutoff score to classify suicide risk, there is evidence that higher scores on the BSS correspond to more severe suicidal ideation and that a change of five points or more on the total BSS scores may be clinically relevant. Mean scores at baseline were calculated.
Time frame: Change from Baseline BSS at 1-, 3-, and 6-months
Population: Participants scores were analyzed if they completed the assessment at either baseline, 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Usual Care | The Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS) | 1-month Follow-up | -2.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9 |
| Usual Care | The Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS) | 3-month Follow-up | -2.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.3 |
| Usual Care | The Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS) | 6-month Follow-up | 1.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.5 |
| Suicide Prevention Program | The Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS) | 1-month Follow-up | -6.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.9 |
| Suicide Prevention Program | The Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS) | 3-month Follow-up | -5.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.1 |
| Suicide Prevention Program | The Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS) | 6-month Follow-up | -5.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.7 |
Secondary
App Engagement Scale (AES) - for Mobile Applications
The App Engagement Scale (AES) is adapted from the end-user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS). The AES has been studied in patients with mental health conditions, has been shown to have good internal reliability, and is strongly related to app engagement. All items are rated on a 5-point scale from 1.Inadequate to 5.Excellent with scores ranging from 0 - 40. Higher scores are associated with increased perceived quality of the mobile application.
Time frame: Change in AES scores at 1- and 6-months
Population: Participants scores were analyzed if they completed the assessment at either baseline, 1-, and 6-month follow-ups. No participants reported using the optional app associated with this study.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unknown | App Engagement Scale (AES) - for Mobile Applications | Baseline | — |
| Unknown | App Engagement Scale (AES) - for Mobile Applications | 1-month Follow-up | — |
| Unknown | App Engagement Scale (AES) - for Mobile Applications | 6-month Follow-up | — |
Secondary
Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)
The C-SSRS is a valid and reliable scale that includes a seven-item subscale that asks patients to self-report on actual attempts, interrupted attempts, aborted attempts, and preparatory acts or behaviors.
Time frame: Number of events according to the CSSR-S at 1-, 3-, and 6-months
Population: Participants scores were analyzed if they completed the assessment at either baseline, 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Usual Care | Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) | Baseline | 0 number of events |
| Usual Care | Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) | 1-month Follow-up | 0 number of events |
| Usual Care | Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) | 3-month Follow-up | 0 number of events |
| Usual Care | Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) | 6-month Follow-up | 0 number of events |
| Suicide Prevention Program | Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) | 6-month Follow-up | 0 number of events |
| Suicide Prevention Program | Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) | Baseline | 0 number of events |
| Suicide Prevention Program | Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) | 3-month Follow-up | 0 number of events |
| Suicide Prevention Program | Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) | 1-month Follow-up | 0 number of events |
Secondary
Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire 15: Perceived Burdensomeness (INQ-15 PB)
The INQ-15 is a 15-item self-report scale that measures thwarted belongingness (9 items) and perceived burdensomeness (6 items). Each item is measured on a 7-point Likert scale, with higher scores suggesting lower perceived connectedness. The score range for the entire scale is 15-105, with the score range for perceived burdensomeness being 7-49. The perceived burdensomeness Mean scores at baseline were calculated.
Time frame: Change from Baseline INQ-15 PB at 1-, 3-, and 6-months
Population: Participants scores were analyzed if they completed the assessment at either baseline, 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Usual Care | Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire 15: Perceived Burdensomeness (INQ-15 PB) | 1-month Follow-up | -1.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.4 |
| Usual Care | Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire 15: Perceived Burdensomeness (INQ-15 PB) | 3-month Follow-up | -4.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.6 |
| Usual Care | Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire 15: Perceived Burdensomeness (INQ-15 PB) | 6-month Follow-up | 3.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.3 |
| Suicide Prevention Program | Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire 15: Perceived Burdensomeness (INQ-15 PB) | 1-month Follow-up | -4.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 10 |
| Suicide Prevention Program | Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire 15: Perceived Burdensomeness (INQ-15 PB) | 3-month Follow-up | -5.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.4 |
| Suicide Prevention Program | Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire 15: Perceived Burdensomeness (INQ-15 PB) | 6-month Follow-up | -5.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 10 |
Secondary
Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS)
The MSPSS is a 12-item self-reported scale that is designed to ask about support from several sources including friends, family and significant others. The scale has been shown to have good internal and test-retest reliability as well as good validity. The score range is 1-7 with higher values indicating increased perception of social support.
Time frame: Change from Baseline MSPSS at 1-, 3-, and 6-months
Population: Participants scores were analyzed if they completed the assessment at either baseline, 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups. The MSPSS was added later in the study, after some participants had completed all assessments.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Usual Care | Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) | 1-month Follow-up | 0.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| Usual Care | Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) | 3-month Follow-up | 0.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.6 |
| Usual Care | Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) | 6-month Follow-up | 0.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| Suicide Prevention Program | Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) | 1-month Follow-up | 0.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.6 |
| Suicide Prevention Program | Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) | 3-month Follow-up | 1.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Suicide Prevention Program | Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) | 6-month Follow-up | -0.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
Secondary
Suicide-Related Coping Scale (SRCS)
This scale includes 17 questions related to a patient's perception of their ability to cope with suicidal thoughts. Each item is assessed using a 5-point Likert scale. The scale includes two subscales including an External Coping subscale and an Internal Coping Subscale. The score range for the entire scale is 0-68 with the External Coping being 0-28 and the Internal Coping being 0-28. Higher scores indicate increased perception of suicide-related coping. Mean scores at baseline were calculated.
Time frame: Change from Baseline SRCS at 1-, 3-, and 6-months
Population: Participants scores were analyzed if they completed the assessment at either baseline, 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups. The SRCS was added later in the study, after some participants had completed all assessments.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Usual Care | Suicide-Related Coping Scale (SRCS) | 1-month Follow-up | 4.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.4 |
| Usual Care | Suicide-Related Coping Scale (SRCS) | 3-month Follow-up | 5.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 11 |
| Usual Care | Suicide-Related Coping Scale (SRCS) | 6-month Follow-up | -2.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.5 |
| Suicide Prevention Program | Suicide-Related Coping Scale (SRCS) | 1-month Follow-up | 4.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.3 |
| Suicide Prevention Program | Suicide-Related Coping Scale (SRCS) | 3-month Follow-up | 7.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.3 |
| Suicide Prevention Program | Suicide-Related Coping Scale (SRCS) | 6-month Follow-up | 4.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 12 |
Secondary
The Beck Scale for Hopelessness (BHS)
The BHS ranges from 0-20 with higher scores associated with increased hopelessness.
Time frame: Change from Baseline BHS at 1-, 3-, and 6-months
Population: Participants scores were analyzed if they completed the assessment at either baseline, 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Usual Care | The Beck Scale for Hopelessness (BHS) | 1-month Follow-up | -2.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.9 |
| Usual Care | The Beck Scale for Hopelessness (BHS) | 3-month Follow-up | -3.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6 |
| Usual Care | The Beck Scale for Hopelessness (BHS) | 6-month Follow-up | -0.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.7 |
| Suicide Prevention Program | The Beck Scale for Hopelessness (BHS) | 1-month Follow-up | -3.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.9 |
| Suicide Prevention Program | The Beck Scale for Hopelessness (BHS) | 3-month Follow-up | -4.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.8 |
| Suicide Prevention Program | The Beck Scale for Hopelessness (BHS) | 6-month Follow-up | -2.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6 |
Secondary
The Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-15: Thwarted Belongingness (INQ-15 TB)
The INQ-15 is a 15-item self-report scale that measures thwarted belongingness (9 items) and perceived burdensomeness (6 items). Each item is measured on a 7-point Likert scale, with higher scores suggesting lower perceived connectedness. The score range for the entire scale is 15-105, with the score range for thwarted belongingness being 7-49. Mean scores at baseline were calculated.
Time frame: Baseline, 1-month, 3-month, 6-month
Population: Participants scores were analyzed if they completed the assessment at either baseline, 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Usual Care | The Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-15: Thwarted Belongingness (INQ-15 TB) | 1-month Follow-up | -4.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 12.2 |
| Usual Care | The Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-15: Thwarted Belongingness (INQ-15 TB) | 3-month Follow-up | -6.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 14 |
| Usual Care | The Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-15: Thwarted Belongingness (INQ-15 TB) | 6-month Follow-up | 3.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 15.6 |
| Suicide Prevention Program | The Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-15: Thwarted Belongingness (INQ-15 TB) | 1-month Follow-up | -8.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 13 |
| Suicide Prevention Program | The Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-15: Thwarted Belongingness (INQ-15 TB) | 3-month Follow-up | -8.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 13.6 |
| Suicide Prevention Program | The Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-15: Thwarted Belongingness (INQ-15 TB) | 6-month Follow-up | -5.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 14 |
Secondary
The Partners in Health Scale (PIH) (Self Management)
The PIH is used to measure patient self-management of chronic conditions. It is a 12-item instrument, each question measured on a Likert scale of 0-8. Scores range from 0-72. Higher scores indicate better self-management. Mean scores at baseline were calculated.
Time frame: Change from Baseline PIH at 1-, 3-, and 6-months
Population: Participants scores were analyzed if they completed the assessment at either baseline, 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Usual Care | The Partners in Health Scale (PIH) (Self Management) | 1-month Follow-up | 8.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 11.7 |
| Usual Care | The Partners in Health Scale (PIH) (Self Management) | 3-month Follow-up | 6.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 13 |
| Usual Care | The Partners in Health Scale (PIH) (Self Management) | 6-month Follow-up | 6.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 12.8 |
| Suicide Prevention Program | The Partners in Health Scale (PIH) (Self Management) | 1-month Follow-up | 10.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 14 |
| Suicide Prevention Program | The Partners in Health Scale (PIH) (Self Management) | 3-month Follow-up | 8.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 14.8 |
| Suicide Prevention Program | The Partners in Health Scale (PIH) (Self Management) | 6-month Follow-up | 4.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 18.8 |