Horizontal Bone Gain Using Titanium Sheet (Case Series Study ).

Anterior Teeth

The horizontal deficient anterior maxilla less than 3mm presents considerable challenges for surgical and prosthetic reconstruction. caused by trauma , infection, congenitally missing teeth or resorption subsequent to dental extractions hampers dental implant placement(Aghaloo & Moy, 2007)

The successful use of dental implants for replacing missing dentition requires adequate available bone in the treatment planning phase and inserting the implant in the correct 3D position to achieve good esthetic and function outcomes.(Rieder et al., 2016) The horizontal deficient anterior maxilla presents considerable challenges for surgical and prosthetic reconstruction. Inadequate alveolar ridge width caused by trauma , infection, congenitally missing teeth or resorption subsequent to dental extractions hampers dental implant placement (Aghaloo & Moy, 2007) Avariety of bone augmentation technigue have been described to enhance the bone volume of the deficient implant recipient site such as autogenous bone graft ,synthetic bone graft ,distraction osteogenesis ,ridge splitting, guided bone regeneration(Rakhmatia, Ayukawa, Furuhashi, & Koyano, 2013)(Gulinelli et al., 2017) Autograft remain the gold standard with the capacity to regenerate and forming new bone through its osteogenic ,osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties which can be obtained from chin area (Donos, Mardas, & Chadha, 2008). Due to the limited availabity of autograft in case of sever resorped ridge ,xenogrft can be mixed to increase the amount of bone applied to the defective area(Monje et al., 2015) However considerable graft resorption following augmentation and the graft was not sufficiently stable during the healing period ,the titanium membrane or sheet used to overcome this problem(Andreasi Bassi et al., 2016) The titanium sheet is non resorbable membrane , impermeable ,rigid acts as space maintainance, clot protection , a barrier preventing bacterial contamination of the gaft , stopping the graft resorption , less morbid,less operative time , more accurate for contour reconstruction than the well known autogenous bone technique (Andreasi Bassi et al., 2016) Computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing technology (CAD/CAM) have been established in creation of three dimensional(3D) framework , Digitally virtually planned regenerated ridge was created from a cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) using specialized DICOM image ( Digital imaging and communication in medicine reconstructing 3D surgical model, and the design of the titanium sheet with the location of the bone screws was preserved. The new 3D surgical model with the simulated surgery was used to fabricate titanium sheet positioning with all required dimensions decreasing the overall operative time .(Al-Ardah et al., 2018) The quality of newly formed bone will be evaluated by histologically at the time of implant placement , core biopsies will be retrieved . the specimen will immediately fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 1 week, then decalcified and processed according to standardized protocol Ethylenediamine-tetracetic acid (EDTA)-formic acid combination differentiating the newly formed bone end from the native bone end for histologic analysis(Atef, Hakam, Elfaramawey, Abou-Elfetouh, & Ekram, 2014) Following postoperative healing period of 6 months CBCT scan will take to evaluate the horizontal bone gain and planning of implant surgery(Mendoza-Azpur, Fuente, Chavez, Valdivia, & Khouly, 2019)

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