Rheumatoid Arthritis
Conditions
Brief summary
This is a retrospective cohort study to evaluate patient characteristics, treatment patterns including a 6-factor effectiveness proxy measure, health care resource use and associated costs among Rheumatoid Arthritis patients initiating treatment comparator groups of interest between January 2014 and September 2016 across three United States insurance claims databases.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Pfizer
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* first pharmacy claim for Tofacitinib and then Etanercept or Adalimumab between Jan 2014 and Sep 2016 represents the index claim * First, select patients receiving ≥1 Tofacitinib pharmacy claim (Jan 2014-Sep 2016) who did not have a Tofacitinib claim anytime prior to index * Patients do have \>1 advanced therapy filled on index date * Physician diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis (in any position) during the 1-year pre-index period, or on the index date * Age 18+ years at index
Exclusion criteria
-None
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Participants Who Were Persistent With Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post-index date | Persistent with the index medication was defined as not having a gap in the therapy of at least 60 days between prescription fill dates and their administration. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. |
| Percentage of Participants Who Immediately Switched Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post-index date | Participants who switched from index medication immediately were those who initiated a non-index advanced therapy before end of a 60-day gap in index medication. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. |
| Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Switched Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post-index date | Participants who discontinued index medication then switched from index medication were those who had gap in the index medication therapy of at least 60 days and then after the gap they switched to an advanced therapy different from index medication. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. |
| Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Restarted Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post index date | Participants who discontinued index medication and then restarted index medication were those who had a gap in the index medication therapy of at least 60 days and the first advanced therapy observed after the gap was the index medication. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. |
| Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Without Switching or Restarting Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post index date | Participants who discontinued index medication without switching or restarting index medication were those who had a gap in index medication therapy of at least 60 days and there were no claims for either the index medication or a different advanced therapy for the remainder of the follow-up period. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Participants Who Were Persistent With Main Non-Biologic Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (NB-DMARD) During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | During 12 months post-index date | Participants who initiated index medication in combination with main NB-DMARDSs were analyzed to evaluate percentage of participants who were persistent with main NB-DMARDs use. Main NB-DMARDs considered in the study were methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, and hydroxychloroquine. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. Persistence with main NB-DMARDs was defined as not having a gap of at least 60 days between prescription fill dates and their administration. |
| Percentage of Participants Who Immediately Switched From Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | During 12 months post-index date | Participants who initiated index medication in combination with main NB-DMARDSs were analyzed to evaluate percentage of participants who immediately switched from main NB-DMARDs. Main NB-DMARDS considered in the study were methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, and hydroxychloroquine. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. Immediate switch from main NB-DMARDs was defined as initiation of other medication than main NB-DMARDs, before end of a 60-day gap. |
| Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Switched From Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | During 12 months post-index date | Participants who initiated index medication in combination with main NB-DMARDSs were analyzed to evaluate percentage of participants who discontinued then switched from main NB-DMARDs. Main NB-DMARDS considered in the study were methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, and hydroxychloroquine. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. Participants who discontinued main NB-DMARDs then switched from main NB-DMARDS were those who had gap in the main NB-DMARDs medication of at least 60 days and then after the gap switched to other medication than main NB-DMARDs. |
| Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Restarted Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | During 12 months post-index date | Participants who initiated index medication in combination with main NB-DMARDSs were analyzed to evaluate percentage of participants who discontinued then restarted main NB-DMARDs. Main NB-DMARDS considered in the study were methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, and hydroxychloroquine. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. Participants who discontinued main NB-DMARDs and then restarted main NB-DMARDs were those who had a gap in main NB-DMARDs of at least 60 days and after the gap, they started main NB-DMARDs again. |
| Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Without Switching or Restarting Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | During 12 months post-index date | Participants who initiated index medication in combination with main NB-DMARDSs were analyzed to evaluate percentage of participants who discontinued without switching or restarting main NB-DMARDs. Main NB-DMARDS considered in the study were methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, and hydroxychloroquine. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. Participants who discontinued main NB-DMARDs without switching or restarting main NB-DMARDs were those who had a gap in main NB-DMARDs of at least 60 days and there were no claims for either the main NB-DMARDs or a different therapy for the remainder of the follow-up period. |
| Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post-index date | Percentage of participants who initiated only index medication and then eventually also added any NB-DMARDs, 1 of the 4 mains NB-DMARDs or other than these 4 NB-DMARDs in their therapy, were evaluated. Main NB-DMARDS considered in the study were methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, and hydroxychloroquine. Any NB-DMARDs included those participants who received any of the NB-DMARDs and participant was counted only once if took different NB-DMARDs during the follow-up period. Participants might be counted more than once in categories except category Any NB-DMARDs. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. |
| Percentage of Participants Who Met Adherence Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post-index date | A proportion of days covered (PDC) was calculated based on total days' supply over the 12 months post-index. The PDC was calculated by using the date of service and the day supply for each fill of the index medication. Participants with early refills were allowed to stockpile medications up to a maximum of 14 days total for later use. Participants who met adherence effective criteria were those who had PDC \>=0.8. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. |
| Percentage of Participants Who Met Dose Escalation Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post-index date | Dose escalation for index medication was defined as: 1) for adalimumab: at least 1 claim in the 12 months post-index follow-up with an average weekly dose of at least 40 milligram per week (mg/week), 2) for etanercept: at least 1 claim in the 12 months post-index follow-up with an average weekly dose of at least 100 mg/week, 3) for tofacitinib: at least 1 claim in the 12 months post-index follow-up with an average weekly dose of at least 20 milligram per day (mg/day) for immediate release and 22 mg/day for extended release. Participants who met dose escalation effectiveness criteria were those who did not have any dose escalation for index medication compared to the starting dose. |
| Percentage of Participants Who Met Switched Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post-index date | A switch for this outcome measure was defined as use of a different biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drug (B-DMARDs) or Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi), any time during the 12 months post-index follow-up. Participants who met switched effectiveness criteria were those who did not switch from the index medication to B-DMARDs or JAKi. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. |
| Percentage of Participants Who Met Infusion Glucocorticoid Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post-index date | Glucocorticoid infusion effectiveness criteria was receiving of maximum of 1 parenteral or intra-articular glucocorticoid joint injection on unique days (between \[index date + 89 days\] to \[index date + 359 days\]) after the participants had been on treatment with index medication for more than 3 months. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. |
| Percentage of Participants Who Met NB-DMARD Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post-index date | Participants who started only index medication regimen (as monotherapy), but eventually initiated main NB-DMARDs were identified in the 12 months post-index follow-up period as adding new NB-DMARD. Participants who started index medication regimen along with any of the main NB-DMARDs (combination therapy), presence of a different NB-DMARD in 12 months post-index was identified as adding new NB-DMARD. Participants who met NB-DMARD effectiveness criteria were those who did not add a new NB-DMARD in the 12 months post-index follow up. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. |
| Percentage of Participants Who Met Oral Glucocorticoid Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post-index date | Oral glucocorticoid effectiveness criteria for participants with no claims for oral glucocorticoid prescriptions in the 6 months prior to the index date = did not receive more than 30 days of oral glucocorticoids between (index date + 89 days) to (index date + 359 days). 30 days of oral glucocorticoids was determined by summing up the day supply of all glucocorticoids claims with a fill date between (index date + 89 days) to (index date + 359 days). Oral glucocorticoid effectiveness criteria for participants with claims for oral glucocorticoids during the 6 months prior to the index date = no increase in oral glucocorticoid dose \>=20% during months 6-12 after index compared to the 6 months before the index date. Increase in oral glucocorticoids was determined from the prednisone equivalent dose for all glucocorticoid claims filled. |
| Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Related Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | During 12 months pre-index date | Inpatient visits refers when participants visited hospital for formal admission. In this outcome measure, mean of number of inpatient visits related to RA during 12 months pre-index were evaluated. |
| Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Pre-Index Date | During 12 months pre-index date | In this outcome measure, mean of number of emergency department visits related to RA during 12 months pre-index were evaluated. |
| Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | During 12 months pre-index date | Outpatient visits refers when participants visited hospital but not for formal admission. In this outcome measure, mean of number of outpatient visits related to RA during 12 months pre-index were evaluated. |
| Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Related Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | During 12 months pre-index date | In this outcome measure, mean of number of pharmacy visits related to RA during 12 months pre-index were evaluated. |
| Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post-index date | Inpatient visits refers when participants visited hospital for formal admission. In this outcome measure, mean of number of inpatient visits related to RA during 12 months post-index were evaluated. |
| Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post-index date | In this outcome measure, mean of number of emergency department visits related to RA during 12 months post-index were evaluated. |
| Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post-index date | Outpatient visits refers when participants visited hospital but not for formal admission. In this outcome measure, mean of number of outpatient visits related to RA during 12 months post-index were evaluated. |
| Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post-index date | In this outcome measure, mean of number of pharmacy visits related to RA during 12 months post-index were evaluated. |
| Mean of All Cause Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-Index Date | During 12 months pre-index date | Inpatient visits refers when participants visited hospital for formal admission. In this outcome measure, mean of number of inpatient visits regardless of reason (including related to RA) during 12 months pre-index were evaluated. |
| Mean of All Cause Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | During 12 months pre-index date | In this outcome measure, mean of number of emergency department visits regardless of reason (including related to RA) during 12 months pre-index were evaluated. |
| Mean of All Cause Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-Index Date | During 12 months pre-index date | Outpatient visits refers when participants visited hospital but not for formal admission. In this outcome measure, mean of number of outpatient visits regardless of reason (including related to RA) during 12 months pre-index were evaluated. |
| Mean of All Cause Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | During 12 months pre-index date | In this outcome measure, mean of number of pharmacy visits regardless of reason (including related to RA) during 12 months pre-index were evaluated. |
| Mean of All Cause Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post-index date | Inpatient visits refers when participants visited hospital for formal admission. In this outcome measure, mean of number of inpatient visits regardless of reason (including related to RA) during 12 months post-index were evaluated. |
| Mean of All Cause Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post-index date | In this outcome measure, mean of number of emergency department visits regardless of reason (including related to RA) during 12 months post-index were evaluated. |
| Mean of All Cause Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post-index date | Outpatient visits refers when participants visited hospital but not for formal admission. In this outcome measure, mean of number of outpatient visits regardless of reason (including related to RA) during 12 months post-index were evaluated. |
| Mean of All Cause Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post-index date | In this outcome measure, mean of number of pharmacy visits regardless of reason (including related to RA) during 12 months post-index were evaluated. |
| Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Pre-index Date | During 12 months pre-index date | Total health care cost related to RA was calculated as sum of medical (outpatient, inpatient and emergency visit) cost and treatment costs (pharmacy cost) related to rheumatoid arthritis. |
| Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post-index date | Total health care cost related to RA was calculated as sum of medical (outpatient, inpatient and emergency visit) cost and treatment costs (pharmacy cost) related to rheumatoid arthritis. |
| All Cause Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Pre-index Date | During 12 months pre-index date | All cause total health care cost was calculated as sum of medical (outpatient, inpatient and emergency visit) cost and treatment cost (pharmacy cost) regardless of reason including RA. |
| Percentage of Participants Who Switched Index Medication Any Time During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post-index date | Participants who switched from index medication at any time during the 12-month follow-up post-index period were evaluated. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. |
| All Cause Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post-index date | All cause total health care cost was calculated as sum of medical (outpatient, inpatient and emergency visit) cost and treatment cost (pharmacy cost) regardless of reason including RA. |
| Mean of Number of Days to Immediate Switch From Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post-index date | Participants who switched from index medication immediately were those who initiated a non-index advanced therapy before the end of a 60-day gap in index medication. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. Number of days to immediately switch from index medication = immediate switch date - index date + 1. |
| Mean of Number of Days to Immediate or Delayed Switch Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 month post-index date | Number of days to immediate or delayed switch from index medication any time during the 12-month follow-up period = immediate or delayed switch date - index date + 1. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. |
| Mean of Number of Days to Discontinue Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post-index date | Number of days to discontinue index medication = date of last persistent index medication prescription/administration + days supply- index date + 1. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. Persistent with the index medication was defined as not having a gap in the therapy of at least 60 days between prescription fill dates and their administration. |
| Duration of Index Medication Persistent Therapy During 12 Months Post-index Date | During 12 months post-index date | Index medication persistent therapy duration was defined as days to discontinue or immediate switch or end of 12 months post-index follow if participants remained persistent, whichever came first. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. Persistent with the index medication: not having a gap in the therapy of at least 60 days between prescription fill dates and their administration. Discontinuation from index medication: gap in the index medication therapy of at least 60 days. Immediate switch from index medication: initiation of a non-index advanced therapy before end of a 60-day gap in index medication. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
5-years data were retrieved from insurance claims Truven Health MarketScan Research Databases and were evaluated in 5 months of this retrospective, observational study. Participants who initiated treatment with tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), between January 2014 and September 2016 were involved in this study.
Pre-assignment details
5-years (January 2012 to September 2017) included pre-index of 2 years, 2 years to capture treatment initiation (index date), and 1 year for follow-up post-index. Index date was first prescription date of treatment (tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept) from January 2014 to September 2016.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost Participants included in this reporting group were those who initiated tofacitinib between January 2014 and September 2016 and had low OOP cost (medical care expenses not reimbursed by insurance) as per data retrieved from insurance claims database. | 310 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost Participants included in this reporting group were those who initiated tofacitinib between January 2014 and September 2016 and had high OOP cost (medical care expenses not reimbursed by insurance) as per data retrieved from insurance claims databases. | 299 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept Participants included in this reporting group were those who initiated adalimumab between January 2014 and September 2016, and in this same duration switched from adalimumab to etanercept, as per data retrieved from insurance claims databases. | 79 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib Participants included in this reporting group were those who initiated adalimumab between January 2014 and September 2016, and in this same duration switched from adalimumab to tofacitinib as per data retrieved from insurance claims databases. | 287 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab Participants included in this reporting group were those who initiated etanercept between January 2014 and September 2016, and in this same duration switched from etanercept to adalimumab, as per data retrieved from insurance claims databases. | 112 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib Participants included in this reporting group were those who initiated etanercept between January 2014 and September 2016, and in this same duration switched from etanercept to tofacitinib, as per data retrieved from insurance claims databases. | 262 |
| Total | 1,349 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 58.67 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.93 | 54.44 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.01 | 50.52 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.6 | 55.15 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.14 | 53.36 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.05 | 54.50 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.25 | 55.26 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.03 |
| Disease Duration | 511.92 Days STANDARD_DEVIATION 310.83 | 563.50 Days STANDARD_DEVIATION 317.53 | 452.04 Days STANDARD_DEVIATION 254 | 685.60 Days STANDARD_DEVIATION 313.28 | 432.03 Days STANDARD_DEVIATION 216.31 | 640.35 Days STANDARD_DEVIATION 278.94 | 575.11 Days STANDARD_DEVIATION 308.02 |
| Geographic Region North Central Region | 68 Participants | 61 Participants | 16 Participants | 55 Participants | 30 Participants | 43 Participants | 273 Participants |
| Geographic Region Northeast Region | 97 Participants | 61 Participants | 12 Participants | 58 Participants | 17 Participants | 57 Participants | 302 Participants |
| Geographic Region South Region | 108 Participants | 135 Participants | 41 Participants | 137 Participants | 41 Participants | 128 Participants | 590 Participants |
| Geographic Region Unknown Region | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 3 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Geographic Region West Region | 37 Participants | 42 Participants | 10 Participants | 34 Participants | 24 Participants | 34 Participants | 181 Participants |
| Pre-index Biologic Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (bDMARDs) Use | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 52 Participants | 238 Participants | 87 Participants | 224 Participants | 601 Participants |
| Pre-index Claims-based Index For Rheumatoid Arthritis Severity (CIRAS) | 4.50 Units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.62 | 4.94 Units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.48 | 5.15 Units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.51 | 4.71 Units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.44 | 4.61 Units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.29 | 4.65 Units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.47 | 4.72 Units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.5 |
| Pre-index Non-biological Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drug (NB-DMARDs) Use | 245 Participants | 243 Participants | 64 Participants | 226 Participants | 79 Participants | 198 Participants | 1055 Participants |
| Quan-Charlson Score 0 | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 1 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Quan-Charlson Score 1-2 | 235 Participants | 244 Participants | 65 Participants | 226 Participants | 91 Participants | 208 Participants | 1069 Participants |
| Quan-Charlson Score 3-4 | 52 Participants | 46 Participants | 10 Participants | 52 Participants | 15 Participants | 37 Participants | 212 Participants |
| Quan-Charlson Score Greater than or equal to (>=) 5 | 22 Participants | 9 Participants | 4 Participants | 9 Participants | 4 Participants | 16 Participants | 64 Participants |
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 248 Participants | 240 Participants | 62 Participants | 243 Participants | 85 Participants | 219 Participants | 1097 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 62 Participants | 59 Participants | 17 Participants | 44 Participants | 27 Participants | 43 Participants | 252 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk | EG004 affected / at risk | EG005 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Restarted Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date
Participants who discontinued index medication and then restarted index medication were those who had a gap in the index medication therapy of at least 60 days and the first advanced therapy observed after the gap was the index medication. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept.
Time frame: During 12 months post index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Restarted Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 13.23 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Restarted Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 15.72 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Restarted Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 11.39 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Restarted Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 10.10 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Restarted Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 11.61 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Restarted Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 10.69 Percentage of participants |
p-value: 0.3817Chi-squared
p-value: 0.7397Chi-squared
p-value: 0.7942Chi-squared
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.792495% CI: [0.6537, 1.7455]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.933995% CI: [0.3997, 2.7134]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.649795% CI: [0.347, 1.935]Regression, Logistic
Primary
Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Switched Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date
Participants who discontinued index medication then switched from index medication were those who had gap in the index medication therapy of at least 60 days and then after the gap they switched to an advanced therapy different from index medication. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Switched Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 3.87 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Switched Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 4.68 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Switched Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 8.86 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Switched Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 6.62 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Switched Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 7.14 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Switched Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 5.34 Percentage of participants |
p-value: 0.6205Chi-squared
p-value: 0.4924Chi-squared
p-value: 0.4982Chi-squared
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.549495% CI: [0.5335, 3.257]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.78395% CI: [0.39, 3.4883]Regression, Logistic
Primary
Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Without Switching or Restarting Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date
Participants who discontinued index medication without switching or restarting index medication were those who had a gap in index medication therapy of at least 60 days and there were no claims for either the index medication or a different advanced therapy for the remainder of the follow-up period. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept.
Time frame: During 12 months post index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Without Switching or Restarting Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 25.16 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Without Switching or Restarting Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 26.09 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Without Switching or Restarting Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 20.25 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Without Switching or Restarting Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 17.42 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Without Switching or Restarting Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 16.96 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Without Switching or Restarting Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 15.27 Percentage of participants |
p-value: 0.7936Chi-squared
p-value: 0.5621Chi-squared
p-value: 0.68Chi-squared
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.505195% CI: [0.7705, 1.6978]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.713195% CI: [0.3781, 1.9452]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.64995% CI: [0.4003, 1.769]Regression, Logistic
Primary
Percentage of Participants Who Immediately Switched Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date
Participants who switched from index medication immediately were those who initiated a non-index advanced therapy before end of a 60-day gap in index medication. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Immediately Switched Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 10.32 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Immediately Switched Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 10.70 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Percentage of Participants Who Immediately Switched Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 22.78 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Immediately Switched Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 15.33 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Percentage of Participants Who Immediately Switched Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 25.89 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Immediately Switched Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 22.90 Percentage of participants |
p-value: 0.8786Chi-squared
p-value: 0.1178Chi-squared
p-value: 0.5337Chi-squared
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.921295% CI: [0.5911, 1.789]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.469395% CI: [0.338, 1.6482]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.559395% CI: [0.4239, 1.591]Regression, Logistic
Primary
Percentage of Participants Who Were Persistent With Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date
Persistent with the index medication was defined as not having a gap in the therapy of at least 60 days between prescription fill dates and their administration. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Were Persistent With Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 47.42 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Were Persistent With Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 42.81 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Percentage of Participants Who Were Persistent With Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 36.71 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Were Persistent With Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 50.52 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Percentage of Participants Who Were Persistent With Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 38.39 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Were Persistent With Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 45.80 Percentage of participants |
p-value: 0.2531Chi-squared
p-value: 0.0295Chi-squared
p-value: 0.1857Chi-squared
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.329795% CI: [0.5919, 1.1925]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.200395% CI: [0.8046, 2.8209]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.227695% CI: [0.8086, 2.442]Regression, Logistic
Secondary
All Cause Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Post-index Date
All cause total health care cost was calculated as sum of medical (outpatient, inpatient and emergency visit) cost and treatment cost (pharmacy cost) regardless of reason including RA.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | All Cause Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Post-index Date | 56515.65 Dollars | Standard Deviation 78961.26 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | All Cause Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Post-index Date | 46126.57 Dollars | Standard Deviation 39998.62 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | All Cause Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Post-index Date | 50343.02 Dollars | Standard Deviation 68582.27 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | All Cause Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Post-index Date | 49109.94 Dollars | Standard Deviation 29561.43 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | All Cause Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Post-index Date | 56302.76 Dollars | Standard Deviation 61613.45 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | All Cause Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Post-index Date | 56786.41 Dollars | Standard Deviation 57000.99 |
p-value: 0.0421t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.8137t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.9416t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.31995% CI: [0.8628, 1.0493]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.136895% CI: [0.7815, 1.0343]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.023195% CI: [0.7411, 0.9782]Regression, Linear
Secondary
All Cause Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Pre-index Date
All cause total health care cost was calculated as sum of medical (outpatient, inpatient and emergency visit) cost and treatment cost (pharmacy cost) regardless of reason including RA.
Time frame: During 12 months pre-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | All Cause Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 22626.74 Dollars | Standard Deviation 43882.45 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | All Cause Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 19514.09 Dollars | Standard Deviation 29958.63 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | All Cause Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 25944.31 Dollars | Standard Deviation 21338.45 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | All Cause Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 38749.72 Dollars | Standard Deviation 28956.92 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | All Cause Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 29643.91 Dollars | Standard Deviation 31487.43 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | All Cause Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 36152.42 Dollars | Standard Deviation 30954.57 |
p-value: 0.3087t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.0003t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.0647t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.768495% CI: [0.8316, 1.146]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.001295% CI: [1.1379, 1.6886]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.942295% CI: [0.8452, 1.1985]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Duration of Index Medication Persistent Therapy During 12 Months Post-index Date
Index medication persistent therapy duration was defined as days to discontinue or immediate switch or end of 12 months post-index follow if participants remained persistent, whichever came first. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. Persistent with the index medication: not having a gap in the therapy of at least 60 days between prescription fill dates and their administration. Discontinuation from index medication: gap in the index medication therapy of at least 60 days. Immediate switch from index medication: initiation of a non-index advanced therapy before end of a 60-day gap in index medication.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Duration of Index Medication Persistent Therapy During 12 Months Post-index Date | 235.60 Days | Standard Deviation 133.02 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Duration of Index Medication Persistent Therapy During 12 Months Post-index Date | 273.50 Days | Standard Deviation 136.81 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Duration of Index Medication Persistent Therapy During 12 Months Post-index Date | 203.65 Days | Standard Deviation 133.21 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Duration of Index Medication Persistent Therapy During 12 Months Post-index Date | 239.02 Days | Standard Deviation 134.51 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Duration of Index Medication Persistent Therapy During 12 Months Post-index Date | 219.75 Days | Standard Deviation 126.09 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Duration of Index Medication Persistent Therapy During 12 Months Post-index Date | 234.34 Days | Standard Deviation 131.1 |
p-value: 0.1736Log Rank
p-value: 0.0195Log Rank
p-value: 0.2104Log Rank
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.16795% CI: [0.9357, 1.4687]Regression, Cox
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.108795% CI: [0.4861, 1.0747]Regression, Cox
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.321295% CI: [0.5957, 1.1852]Regression, Cox
Secondary
Mean of All Cause Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date
In this outcome measure, mean of number of emergency department visits regardless of reason (including related to RA) during 12 months post-index were evaluated.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Mean of All Cause Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 0.68 Emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 1.25 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Mean of All Cause Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 0.41 Emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 0.89 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Mean of All Cause Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 0.52 Emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 0.96 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Mean of All Cause Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 0.44 Emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 1.04 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Mean of All Cause Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 1.04 Emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 7.23 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Mean of All Cause Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 0.81 Emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 1.63 |
p-value: 0.0021t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.5396t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.6121t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.030395% CI: [-0.361, -0.0181]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.180795% CI: [-0.4685, 0.0883]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.744595% CI: [-0.7991, 1.1178]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Mean of All Cause Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date
In this outcome measure, mean of number of emergency department visits regardless of reason (including related to RA) during 12 months pre-index were evaluated.
Time frame: During 12 months pre-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Mean of All Cause Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 0.55 Emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 0.95 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Mean of All Cause Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 0.47 Emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 1.34 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Mean of All Cause Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 0.52 Emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 1.27 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Mean of All Cause Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 0.47 Emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 1.09 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Mean of All Cause Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 0.63 Emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 2.76 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Mean of All Cause Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 0.60 Emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 1.46 |
p-value: 0.4133t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.7171t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.8609t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.622495% CI: [-0.2218, 0.1327]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.565595% CI: [-0.39, 0.2132]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.404495% CI: [-0.2444, 0.6062]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Mean of All Cause Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date
Inpatient visits refers when participants visited hospital for formal admission. In this outcome measure, mean of number of inpatient visits regardless of reason (including related to RA) during 12 months post-index were evaluated.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Mean of All Cause Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 0.24 Inpatient visits | Standard Deviation 0.58 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Mean of All Cause Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 0.16 Inpatient visits | Standard Deviation 0.53 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Mean of All Cause Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 0.14 Inpatient visits | Standard Deviation 0.71 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Mean of All Cause Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 0.14 Inpatient visits | Standard Deviation 0.48 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Mean of All Cause Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 0.24 Inpatient visits | Standard Deviation 1.21 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Mean of All Cause Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 0.25 Inpatient visits | Standard Deviation 0.87 |
p-value: 0.0839t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.9577t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.9497t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.487395% CI: [-0.1185, 0.0565]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.67895% CI: [-0.1783, 0.1159]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.932795% CI: [-0.2207, 0.2406]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Mean of All Cause Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-Index Date
Inpatient visits refers when participants visited hospital for formal admission. In this outcome measure, mean of number of inpatient visits regardless of reason (including related to RA) during 12 months pre-index were evaluated.
Time frame: During 12 months pre-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Mean of All Cause Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-Index Date | 0.14 Inpatient visits | Standard Deviation 0.39 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Mean of All Cause Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-Index Date | 0.17 Inpatient visits | Standard Deviation 0.54 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Mean of All Cause Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-Index Date | 0.13 Inpatient visits | Standard Deviation 0.43 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Mean of All Cause Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-Index Date | 0.15 Inpatient visits | Standard Deviation 0.43 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Mean of All Cause Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-Index Date | 0.10 Inpatient visits | Standard Deviation 0.46 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Mean of All Cause Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-Index Date | 0.16 Inpatient visits | Standard Deviation 0.48 |
p-value: 0.4555t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.7164t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.2456t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.096295% CI: [-0.0101, 0.1238]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.384495% CI: [-0.1405, 0.0541]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.589995% CI: [-0.0615, 0.1082]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Mean of All Cause Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date
Outpatient visits refers when participants visited hospital but not for formal admission. In this outcome measure, mean of number of outpatient visits regardless of reason (including related to RA) during 12 months post-index were evaluated.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Mean of All Cause Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 33.30 Outpatient visits | Standard Deviation 29.56 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Mean of All Cause Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 27.16 Outpatient visits | Standard Deviation 21.3 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Mean of All Cause Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 27.00 Outpatient visits | Standard Deviation 21.04 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Mean of All Cause Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 28.89 Outpatient visits | Standard Deviation 22.48 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Mean of All Cause Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 28.39 Outpatient visits | Standard Deviation 22.9 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Mean of All Cause Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 32.76 Outpatient visits | Standard Deviation 27.14 |
p-value: 0.0035t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.504t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.1366t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.08295% CI: [-7.2497, 0.433]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.584595% CI: [-7.0336, 3.9652]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.728495% CI: [-4.583, 6.557]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Mean of All Cause Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-Index Date
Outpatient visits refers when participants visited hospital but not for formal admission. In this outcome measure, mean of number of outpatient visits regardless of reason (including related to RA) during 12 months pre-index were evaluated.
Time frame: During 12 months pre-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Mean of All Cause Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-Index Date | 31.70 Outpatient visits | Standard Deviation 22.6 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Mean of All Cause Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-Index Date | 27.26 Outpatient visits | Standard Deviation 19.81 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Mean of All Cause Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-Index Date | 28.48 Outpatient visits | Standard Deviation 23.3 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Mean of All Cause Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-Index Date | 29.92 Outpatient visits | Standard Deviation 20.62 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Mean of All Cause Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-Index Date | 27.23 Outpatient visits | Standard Deviation 18.21 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Mean of All Cause Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-Index Date | 31.45 Outpatient visits | Standard Deviation 22.5 |
p-value: 0.0104t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.5949t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.0801t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.007295% CI: [-6.411, -1.004]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.540695% CI: [-6.008, 3.1489]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.860395% CI: [-4.279, 3.5737]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Mean of All Cause Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date
In this outcome measure, mean of number of pharmacy visits regardless of reason (including related to RA) during 12 months post-index were evaluated.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Mean of All Cause Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 49.32 Pharmacy visits | Standard Deviation 34.05 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Mean of All Cause Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 45.25 Pharmacy visits | Standard Deviation 28.85 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Mean of All Cause Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 46.33 Pharmacy visits | Standard Deviation 27.41 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Mean of All Cause Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 47.70 Pharmacy visits | Standard Deviation 30.26 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Mean of All Cause Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 45.70 Pharmacy visits | Standard Deviation 27.46 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Mean of All Cause Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 50.09 Pharmacy visits | Standard Deviation 31.99 |
p-value: 0.2056t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.1125t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.7156t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.428895% CI: [-6.2797, 2.6675]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.630395% CI: [-8.5962, 5.2069]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.747795% CI: [-7.0028, 5.0281]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Mean of All Cause Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date
In this outcome measure, mean of number of pharmacy visits regardless of reason (including related to RA) during 12 months pre-index were evaluated.
Time frame: During 12 months pre-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Mean of All Cause Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 41.69 Pharmacy visits | Standard Deviation 30.6 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Mean of All Cause Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 40.56 Pharmacy visits | Standard Deviation 27.62 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Mean of All Cause Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 42.47 Pharmacy visits | Standard Deviation 27.03 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Mean of All Cause Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 46.24 Pharmacy visits | Standard Deviation 29.26 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Mean of All Cause Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 41.83 Pharmacy visits | Standard Deviation 28.58 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Mean of All Cause Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 47.29 Pharmacy visits | Standard Deviation 33.67 |
p-value: 0.6344t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.3037t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.1344t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.509295% CI: [-2.4787, 4.9958]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.804795% CI: [-6.8683, 5.3292]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.975795% CI: [-5.9628, 6.1507]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Mean of Number of Days to Discontinue Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date
Number of days to discontinue index medication = date of last persistent index medication prescription/administration + days supply- index date + 1. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. Persistent with the index medication was defined as not having a gap in the therapy of at least 60 days between prescription fill dates and their administration.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed refers to participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Mean of Number of Days to Discontinue Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 119.62 Days | Standard Deviation 80.01 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Mean of Number of Days to Discontinue Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 106.17 Days | Standard Deviation 76.5 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Mean of Number of Days to Discontinue Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 111.74 Days | Standard Deviation 74.97 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Mean of Number of Days to Discontinue Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 109.42 Days | Standard Deviation 74.16 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Mean of Number of Days to Discontinue Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 130.18 Days | Standard Deviation 70.71 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Mean of Number of Days to Discontinue Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 118.91 Days | Standard Deviation 77.58 |
p-value: 0.9084Log Rank
p-value: 0.8325Log Rank
p-value: 0.963Log Rank
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.790995% CI: [0.7284, 1.516]Regression, Cox
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.602795% CI: [0.37, 1.7808]Regression, Cox
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.697895% CI: [0.5222, 2.6404]Regression, Cox
Secondary
Mean of Number of Days to Immediate or Delayed Switch Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date
Number of days to immediate or delayed switch from index medication any time during the 12-month follow-up period = immediate or delayed switch date - index date + 1. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept.
Time frame: During 12 month post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed refers to participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Mean of Number of Days to Immediate or Delayed Switch Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 168.11 Days | Standard Deviation 84.29 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Mean of Number of Days to Immediate or Delayed Switch Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 175.98 Days | Standard Deviation 90.52 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Mean of Number of Days to Immediate or Delayed Switch Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 182.70 Days | Standard Deviation 83.9 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Mean of Number of Days to Immediate or Delayed Switch Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 158.71 Days | Standard Deviation 90.81 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Mean of Number of Days to Immediate or Delayed Switch Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 170.73 Days | Standard Deviation 81.64 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Mean of Number of Days to Immediate or Delayed Switch Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 169.36 Days | Standard Deviation 96.58 |
p-value: 0.6006Log Rank
p-value: 0.2941Log Rank
p-value: 0.961Log Rank
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.045595% CI: [0.314, 0.9884]Regression, Cox
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.027495% CI: [1.0904, 4.3506]Regression, Cox
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.678795% CI: [0.5114, 1.5475]Regression, Cox
Secondary
Mean of Number of Days to Immediate Switch From Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date
Participants who switched from index medication immediately were those who initiated a non-index advanced therapy before the end of a 60-day gap in index medication. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. Number of days to immediately switch from index medication = immediate switch date - index date + 1.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed refers to participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Mean of Number of Days to Immediate Switch From Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 155.00 Days | Standard Deviation 91.02 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Mean of Number of Days to Immediate Switch From Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 149.56 Days | Standard Deviation 88.4 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Mean of Number of Days to Immediate Switch From Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 144.00 Days | Standard Deviation 59.64 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Mean of Number of Days to Immediate Switch From Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 125.84 Days | Standard Deviation 84.73 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Mean of Number of Days to Immediate Switch From Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 148.69 Days | Standard Deviation 73.22 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Mean of Number of Days to Immediate Switch From Index Medication During 12 Months Post-index Date | 145.37 Days | Standard Deviation 87.59 |
p-value: 0.8122Log Rank
p-value: 0.7766Log Rank
p-value: 0.8305Log Rank
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.184595% CI: [0.261, 1.2952]Regression, Cox
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.295195% CI: [0.6671, 3.7936]Regression, Cox
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.490795% CI: [0.6584, 2.787]Regression, Cox
Secondary
Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Related Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date
Inpatient visits refers when participants visited hospital for formal admission. In this outcome measure, mean of number of inpatient visits related to RA during 12 months pre-index were evaluated.
Time frame: During 12 months pre-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Related Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 0.08 Inpatient visits | Standard Deviation 0.28 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Related Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 0.09 Inpatient visits | Standard Deviation 0.38 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Related Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 0.05 Inpatient visits | Standard Deviation 0.22 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Related Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 0.08 Inpatient visits | Standard Deviation 0.31 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Related Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 0.04 Inpatient visits | Standard Deviation 0.25 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Related Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 0.08 Inpatient visits | Standard Deviation 0.32 |
p-value: 0.6318t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.3802t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.2424t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.175395% CI: [-0.0155, 0.0848]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.611495% CI: [-0.0553, 0.0941]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.297795% CI: [-0.0304, 0.0993]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date
In this outcome measure, mean of number of emergency department visits related to RA during 12 months post-index were evaluated.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 0.18 Emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 0.48 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 0.12 Emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 0.41 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 0.11 Emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 0.39 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 0.08 Emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 0.31 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 0.29 Emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 1.75 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 0.23 Emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 0.61 |
p-value: 0.0658t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.3785t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.6202t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.252395% CI: [-0.1154, 0.0303]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.406895% CI: [-0.1305, 0.0529]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.585895% CI: [-0.1833, 0.3244]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Pre-Index Date
In this outcome measure, mean of number of emergency department visits related to RA during 12 months pre-index were evaluated.
Time frame: During 12 months pre-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Pre-Index Date | 0.16 Emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 0.53 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Pre-Index Date | 0.10 Emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 0.44 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Pre-Index Date | 0.13 Emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 0.54 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Pre-Index Date | 0.14 Emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 0.44 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Pre-Index Date | 0.14 Emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 0.75 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Emergency Department (ED) Visits During 12 Months Pre-Index Date | 0.21 Emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 0.94 |
p-value: 0.1473t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.8747t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.5265t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.252295% CI: [-0.1239, 0.0325]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.670195% CI: [-0.1003, 0.1559]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.101795% CI: [-0.0334, 0.372]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date
Inpatient visits refers when participants visited hospital for formal admission. In this outcome measure, mean of number of inpatient visits related to RA during 12 months post-index were evaluated.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 0.14 Inpatient visits | Standard Deviation 0.42 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 0.10 Inpatient visits | Standard Deviation 0.36 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 0.04 Inpatient visits | Standard Deviation 0.19 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 0.08 Inpatient visits | Standard Deviation 0.33 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 0.11 Inpatient visits | Standard Deviation 0.47 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Inpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 0.08 Inpatient visits | Standard Deviation 0.34 |
p-value: 0.3142t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.2465t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.5933t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.781595% CI: [-0.0716, 0.0538]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.444695% CI: [-0.0528, 0.1202]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.473395% CI: [-0.1243, 0.0577]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date
Outpatient visits refers when participants visited hospital but not for formal admission. In this outcome measure, mean of number of outpatient visits related to RA during 12 months post-index were evaluated.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 8.60 Outpatient visits | Standard Deviation 7.17 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 8.14 Outpatient visits | Standard Deviation 5.72 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 7.51 Outpatient visits | Standard Deviation 5.53 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 8.06 Outpatient visits | Standard Deviation 6.08 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 8.52 Outpatient visits | Standard Deviation 6.68 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 8.88 Outpatient visits | Standard Deviation 6.32 |
p-value: 0.3832t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.4631t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.6202t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.315895% CI: [-1.5812, 0.5107]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.101695% CI: [-0.2669, 2.9755]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.257695% CI: [-0.6347, 2.37]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date
Outpatient visits refers when participants visited hospital but not for formal admission. In this outcome measure, mean of number of outpatient visits related to RA during 12 months pre-index were evaluated.
Time frame: During 12 months pre-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 7.83 Outpatient visits | Standard Deviation 5.69 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 8.38 Outpatient visits | Standard Deviation 5.45 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 7.90 Outpatient visits | Standard Deviation 5.54 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 8.80 Outpatient visits | Standard Deviation 5.66 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 7.19 Outpatient visits | Standard Deviation 4.61 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Outpatient Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 8.89 Outpatient visits | Standard Deviation 5.22 |
p-value: 0.2246t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.2101t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.003t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.332495% CI: [-0.4231, 1.2511]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.136795% CI: [-0.3713, 2.7138]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.002895% CI: [0.6219, 2.9978]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date
In this outcome measure, mean of number of pharmacy visits related to RA during 12 months post-index were evaluated.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 18.76 Pharmacy visits | Standard Deviation 10.77 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 17.86 Pharmacy visits | Standard Deviation 11.08 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 19.80 Pharmacy visits | Standard Deviation 11.74 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 18.57 Pharmacy visits | Standard Deviation 10.57 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 20.13 Pharmacy visits | Standard Deviation 11.15 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Post-index Date | 19.08 Pharmacy visits | Standard Deviation 10.59 |
p-value: 0.3107t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.3735t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.3863t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.191895% CI: [-2.5858, 0.5184]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.428195% CI: [-3.3864, 1.4366]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.101495% CI: [-4.0854, 0.3657]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Related Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date
In this outcome measure, mean of number of pharmacy visits related to RA during 12 months pre-index were evaluated.
Time frame: During 12 months pre-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Related Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 13.25 Pharmacy visits | Standard Deviation 9.8 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Related Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 14.16 Pharmacy visits | Standard Deviation 10.45 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Related Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 17.23 Pharmacy visits | Standard Deviation 11.53 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Related Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 17.85 Pharmacy visits | Standard Deviation 10.8 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Related Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 16.60 Pharmacy visits | Standard Deviation 11.18 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Related Pharmacy Visits During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 17.40 Pharmacy visits | Standard Deviation 11.69 |
p-value: 0.2667t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.657t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.5403t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.116795% CI: [-0.2283, 2.06]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.972295% CI: [-1.9238, 1.8567]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.845595% CI: [-1.8689, 2.2817]Regression, Logistic
Secondary
Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Post-index Date
Total health care cost related to RA was calculated as sum of medical (outpatient, inpatient and emergency visit) cost and treatment costs (pharmacy cost) related to rheumatoid arthritis.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Post-index Date | 35601.32 Dollars | Standard Deviation 22826.82 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Post-index Date | 34503.47 Dollars | Standard Deviation 31045.94 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Post-index Date | 34010.25 Dollars | Standard Deviation 17628.32 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Post-index Date | 37431.71 Dollars | Standard Deviation 21525.4 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Post-index Date | 40027.03 Dollars | Standard Deviation 20886.32 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Post-index Date | 36963.17 Dollars | Standard Deviation 18806.38 |
p-value: 0.6184t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.1952t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.1638t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.673295% CI: [0.8782, 1.0875]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.634595% CI: [0.824, 1.1253]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.002995% CI: [0.738, 0.9395]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Pre-index Date
Total health care cost related to RA was calculated as sum of medical (outpatient, inpatient and emergency visit) cost and treatment costs (pharmacy cost) related to rheumatoid arthritis.
Time frame: During 12 months pre-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 6316.86 Dollars | Standard Deviation 14673.52 |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 7414.19 Dollars | Standard Deviation 16892.85 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 16343.48 Dollars | Standard Deviation 15762.03 |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 27375.50 Dollars | Standard Deviation 20613.83 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 18432.35 Dollars | Standard Deviation 15754.6 |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Mean of Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Total Health Care Cost During 12 Months Pre-index Date | 22777.88 Dollars | Standard Deviation 16633.19 |
p-value: 0.3919t-test, 2 sided
p-value: <0.0001t-test, 2 sided
p-value: 0.0193t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.05795% CI: [0.994, 1.5053]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: <0.000195% CI: [1.4378, 2.3749]Regression, Linear
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.092495% CI: [0.9722, 1.4487]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Restarted Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy
Participants who initiated index medication in combination with main NB-DMARDSs were analyzed to evaluate percentage of participants who discontinued then restarted main NB-DMARDs. Main NB-DMARDS considered in the study were methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, and hydroxychloroquine. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. Participants who discontinued main NB-DMARDs and then restarted main NB-DMARDs were those who had a gap in main NB-DMARDs of at least 60 days and after the gap, they started main NB-DMARDs again.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed refers to participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Restarted Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 13.38 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Restarted Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 12.41 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Restarted Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 13.64 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Restarted Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 11.26 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Restarted Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 21.05 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Restarted Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 18.10 Percentage of participants |
p-value: 0.8033Chi-squared
p-value: 0.6669Chi-squared
p-value: 0.6477Chi-squared
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.550995% CI: [0.3736, 1.6907]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.621695% CI: [0.1486, 3.125]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.550695% CI: [0.2135, 2.2781]Regression, Logistic
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Switched From Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy
Participants who initiated index medication in combination with main NB-DMARDSs were analyzed to evaluate percentage of participants who discontinued then switched from main NB-DMARDs. Main NB-DMARDS considered in the study were methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, and hydroxychloroquine. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. Participants who discontinued main NB-DMARDs then switched from main NB-DMARDS were those who had gap in the main NB-DMARDs medication of at least 60 days and then after the gap switched to other medication than main NB-DMARDs.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed refers to participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Switched From Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 2.55 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Switched From Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 0.69 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Switched From Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 6.82 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Switched From Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 2.65 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Switched From Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 0.00 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Then Switched From Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 0.00 Percentage of participants |
p-value: 0.2061Chi-squared
p-value: 0.1908Chi-squared
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Without Switching or Restarting Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy
Participants who initiated index medication in combination with main NB-DMARDSs were analyzed to evaluate percentage of participants who discontinued without switching or restarting main NB-DMARDs. Main NB-DMARDS considered in the study were methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, and hydroxychloroquine. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. Participants who discontinued main NB-DMARDs without switching or restarting main NB-DMARDs were those who had a gap in main NB-DMARDs of at least 60 days and there were no claims for either the main NB-DMARDs or a different therapy for the remainder of the follow-up period.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed refers to participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Without Switching or Restarting Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 17.20 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Without Switching or Restarting Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 24.83 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Without Switching or Restarting Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 20.45 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Without Switching or Restarting Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 19.87 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Without Switching or Restarting Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 8.77 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Without Switching or Restarting Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 15.24 Percentage of participants |
p-value: 0.103Chi-squared
p-value: 0.9317Chi-squared
p-value: 0.242Chi-squared
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.086995% CI: [0.9222, 3.3107]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.822895% CI: [0.3757, 3.4266]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.485595% CI: [0.4446, 5.5086]Regression, Logistic
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Who Immediately Switched From Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy
Participants who initiated index medication in combination with main NB-DMARDSs were analyzed to evaluate percentage of participants who immediately switched from main NB-DMARDs. Main NB-DMARDS considered in the study were methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, and hydroxychloroquine. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. Immediate switch from main NB-DMARDs was defined as initiation of other medication than main NB-DMARDs, before end of a 60-day gap.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed refers to participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Immediately Switched From Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 30.57 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Immediately Switched From Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 26.21 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Percentage of Participants Who Immediately Switched From Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 22.73 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Immediately Switched From Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 22.52 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Percentage of Participants Who Immediately Switched From Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 31.58 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Immediately Switched From Main NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 23.81 Percentage of participants |
p-value: 0.4009Chi-squared
p-value: 0.9765Chi-squared
p-value: 0.2849Chi-squared
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.528995% CI: [0.4538, 1.5007]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.92795% CI: [0.2553, 3.4678]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.070795% CI: [0.1456, 1.0812]Regression, Logistic
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date
Percentage of participants who initiated only index medication and then eventually also added any NB-DMARDs, 1 of the 4 mains NB-DMARDs or other than these 4 NB-DMARDs in their therapy, were evaluated. Main NB-DMARDS considered in the study were methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, and hydroxychloroquine. Any NB-DMARDs included those participants who received any of the NB-DMARDs and participant was counted only once if took different NB-DMARDs during the follow-up period. Participants might be counted more than once in categories except category Any NB-DMARDs. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Any NB-DMARD | 29.41 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Methotrexate | 16.99 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Sulfasalazine | 1.96 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Leflunomide | 3.92 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Hydroxychloroquine | 8.50 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Other NB-DMARD | 3.27 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Methotrexate | 11.69 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Leflunomide | 5.19 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Other NB-DMARD | 3.90 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Any NB-DMARD | 28.57 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Sulfasalazine | 2.60 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Hydroxychloroquine | 9.09 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Other NB-DMARD | 2.86 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Hydroxychloroquine | 20.00 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Leflunomide | 17.14 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Sulfasalazine | 8.57 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Any NB-DMARD | 48.57 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Methotrexate | 22.86 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Leflunomide | 5.15 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Methotrexate | 14.71 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Sulfasalazine | 2.21 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Other NB-DMARD | 1.47 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Hydroxychloroquine | 3.68 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Any NB-DMARD | 25.74 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Any NB-DMARD | 34.55 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Hydroxychloroquine | 5.45 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Methotrexate | 27.27 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Sulfasalazine | 5.45 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Leflunomide | 3.64 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Other NB-DMARD | 0.00 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Leflunomide | 6.37 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Sulfasalazine | 1.91 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Hydroxychloroquine | 5.10 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Other NB-DMARD | 4.46 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Methotrexate | 12.74 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Initiated Index Medication as Monotherapy and Eventually Added NB-DMARDs During 12 Months Post-index Date | Any NB-DMARD | 26.75 Percentage of participants |
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Who Met Adherence Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date
A proportion of days covered (PDC) was calculated based on total days' supply over the 12 months post-index. The PDC was calculated by using the date of service and the day supply for each fill of the index medication. Participants with early refills were allowed to stockpile medications up to a maximum of 14 days total for later use. Participants who met adherence effective criteria were those who had PDC \>=0.8. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Met Adherence Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 38.71 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Met Adherence Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 36.12 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Percentage of Participants Who Met Adherence Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 30.38 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Met Adherence Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 44.95 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Percentage of Participants Who Met Adherence Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 33.04 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Met Adherence Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 38.93 Percentage of participants |
p-value: 0.5092Chi-squared
p-value: 0.0201Chi-squared
p-value: 0.2799Chi-squared
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.577295% CI: [0.6281, 1.2958]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.327295% CI: [0.7166, 2.7169]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.301195% CI: [0.763, 2.3983]Regression, Logistic
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Who Met Dose Escalation Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date
Dose escalation for index medication was defined as: 1) for adalimumab: at least 1 claim in the 12 months post-index follow-up with an average weekly dose of at least 40 milligram per week (mg/week), 2) for etanercept: at least 1 claim in the 12 months post-index follow-up with an average weekly dose of at least 100 mg/week, 3) for tofacitinib: at least 1 claim in the 12 months post-index follow-up with an average weekly dose of at least 20 milligram per day (mg/day) for immediate release and 22 mg/day for extended release. Participants who met dose escalation effectiveness criteria were those who did not have any dose escalation for index medication compared to the starting dose.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Met Dose Escalation Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 96.13 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Met Dose Escalation Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 94.31 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Percentage of Participants Who Met Dose Escalation Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 97.47 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Met Dose Escalation Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 94.77 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Percentage of Participants Who Met Dose Escalation Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 81.25 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Met Dose Escalation Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 95.80 Percentage of participants |
p-value: 0.2931Chi-squared
p-value: 0.3135Chi-squared
p-value: <0.0001Chi-squared
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.677295% CI: [0.3618, 1.9356]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.001395% CI: [1.9061, 14.477]Regression, Logistic
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Who Met Infusion Glucocorticoid Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date
Glucocorticoid infusion effectiveness criteria was receiving of maximum of 1 parenteral or intra-articular glucocorticoid joint injection on unique days (between \[index date + 89 days\] to \[index date + 359 days\]) after the participants had been on treatment with index medication for more than 3 months. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Met Infusion Glucocorticoid Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 83.87 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Met Infusion Glucocorticoid Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 82.61 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Percentage of Participants Who Met Infusion Glucocorticoid Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 74.68 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Met Infusion Glucocorticoid Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 82.58 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Percentage of Participants Who Met Infusion Glucocorticoid Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 83.04 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Met Infusion Glucocorticoid Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 76.34 Percentage of participants |
p-value: 0.6767Chi-squared
p-value: 0.1141Chi-squared
p-value: 0.1497Chi-squared
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.522895% CI: [0.5303, 1.3804]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.027795% CI: [1.1062, 5.7063]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.32495% CI: [0.3435, 1.4236]Regression, Logistic
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Who Met NB-DMARD Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date
Participants who started only index medication regimen (as monotherapy), but eventually initiated main NB-DMARDs were identified in the 12 months post-index follow-up period as adding new NB-DMARD. Participants who started index medication regimen along with any of the main NB-DMARDs (combination therapy), presence of a different NB-DMARD in 12 months post-index was identified as adding new NB-DMARD. Participants who met NB-DMARD effectiveness criteria were those who did not add a new NB-DMARD in the 12 months post-index follow up. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Met NB-DMARD Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 71.61 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Met NB-DMARD Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 74.58 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Percentage of Participants Who Met NB-DMARD Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 64.56 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Met NB-DMARD Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 77.00 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Percentage of Participants Who Met NB-DMARD Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 66.96 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Met NB-DMARD Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 79.39 Percentage of participants |
p-value: 0.409Chi-squared
p-value: 0.0249Chi-squared
p-value: 0.0103Chi-squared
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.541595% CI: [0.763, 1.6741]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.059695% CI: [0.9722, 4.1632]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.000295% CI: [1.793, 6.7633]Regression, Logistic
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Who Met Oral Glucocorticoid Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date
Oral glucocorticoid effectiveness criteria for participants with no claims for oral glucocorticoid prescriptions in the 6 months prior to the index date = did not receive more than 30 days of oral glucocorticoids between (index date + 89 days) to (index date + 359 days). 30 days of oral glucocorticoids was determined by summing up the day supply of all glucocorticoids claims with a fill date between (index date + 89 days) to (index date + 359 days). Oral glucocorticoid effectiveness criteria for participants with claims for oral glucocorticoids during the 6 months prior to the index date = no increase in oral glucocorticoid dose \>=20% during months 6-12 after index compared to the 6 months before the index date. Increase in oral glucocorticoids was determined from the prednisone equivalent dose for all glucocorticoid claims filled.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Met Oral Glucocorticoid Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 83.55 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Met Oral Glucocorticoid Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 86.96 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Percentage of Participants Who Met Oral Glucocorticoid Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 83.54 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Met Oral Glucocorticoid Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 85.02 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Percentage of Participants Who Met Oral Glucocorticoid Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 86.61 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Met Oral Glucocorticoid Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 81.30 Percentage of participants |
p-value: 0.2361Chi-squared
p-value: 0.7474Chi-squared
p-value: 0.2118Chi-squared
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.197895% CI: [0.8449, 2.2576]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.889395% CI: [0.4587, 2.4559]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.155395% CI: [0.2748, 1.2286]Regression, Logistic
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Who Met Switched Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date
A switch for this outcome measure was defined as use of a different biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drug (B-DMARDs) or Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi), any time during the 12 months post-index follow-up. Participants who met switched effectiveness criteria were those who did not switch from the index medication to B-DMARDs or JAKi. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Met Switched Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 85.81 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Met Switched Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 83.95 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Percentage of Participants Who Met Switched Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 65.82 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Met Switched Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 77.00 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Percentage of Participants Who Met Switched Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 64.29 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Met Switched Effectiveness Criteria During 12 Months Post-index Date | 70.23 Percentage of participants |
p-value: 0.5217Chi-squared
p-value: 0.0432Chi-squared
p-value: 0.2573Chi-squared
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.536895% CI: [0.5311, 1.3902]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.468595% CI: [0.6488, 2.5616]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.311295% CI: [0.7502, 2.4648]Regression, Logistic
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Who Switched Index Medication Any Time During 12 Months Post-index Date
Participants who switched from index medication at any time during the 12-month follow-up post-index period were evaluated. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Switched Index Medication Any Time During 12 Months Post-index Date | 14.19 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Switched Index Medication Any Time During 12 Months Post-index Date | 16.05 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Percentage of Participants Who Switched Index Medication Any Time During 12 Months Post-index Date | 34.18 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Switched Index Medication Any Time During 12 Months Post-index Date | 23.00 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Percentage of Participants Who Switched Index Medication Any Time During 12 Months Post-index Date | 35.71 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Switched Index Medication Any Time During 12 Months Post-index Date | 29.77 Percentage of participants |
p-value: 0.5217Chi-squared
p-value: 0.0432Chi-squared
p-value: 0.2573Chi-squared
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.536895% CI: [0.7193, 1.8827]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.468595% CI: [0.3904, 1.5413]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.311295% CI: [0.4057, 1.333]Regression, Logistic
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Who Were Persistent With Main Non-Biologic Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (NB-DMARD) During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy
Participants who initiated index medication in combination with main NB-DMARDSs were analyzed to evaluate percentage of participants who were persistent with main NB-DMARDs use. Main NB-DMARDs considered in the study were methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, and hydroxychloroquine. Index medications were tofacitinib, adalimumab or etanercept. Persistence with main NB-DMARDs was defined as not having a gap of at least 60 days between prescription fill dates and their administration.
Time frame: During 12 months post-index date
Population: Analysis was performed on all eligible participants whose data were retrieved from databases and included in the study for retrospective observation. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed refers to participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib Low OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Were Persistent With Main Non-Biologic Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (NB-DMARD) During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 36.31 Percentage of participants |
| Tofacitinib High OOP Cost | Percentage of Participants Who Were Persistent With Main Non-Biologic Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (NB-DMARD) During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 35.86 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Etanercept | Percentage of Participants Who Were Persistent With Main Non-Biologic Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (NB-DMARD) During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 36.36 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Adalimumab to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Were Persistent With Main Non-Biologic Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (NB-DMARD) During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 43.71 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Adalimumab | Percentage of Participants Who Were Persistent With Main Non-Biologic Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (NB-DMARD) During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 38.60 Percentage of participants |
| Switch From Etanercept to Tofacitinib | Percentage of Participants Who Were Persistent With Main Non-Biologic Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (NB-DMARD) During 12 Months Post-index Date: Combination Therapy | 42.86 Percentage of participants |
p-value: 0.9361Chi-squared
p-value: 0.3851Chi-squared
p-value: 0.599Chi-squared
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.98695% CI: [0.5962, 1.662]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement.) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.581395% CI: [0.5158, 3.2558]Regression, Logistic
Comparison: To control and remove the possible influence of the independent variables (like treatment cohort, demographic and clinical characteristics of interest, etc. and clinical judgement) on the outcome measure, multivariable analysis was performed.p-value: 0.178995% CI: [0.7604, 4.3473]Regression, Logistic