Schizophrenia
Conditions
Keywords
schizophrenia, compensatory cognitive training, generalized estimating equation, psychosocial correlates, self-stigma
Brief summary
This study aimed to investigate the effects of compensatory cognitive training plus treatment as usual (CCT+TAU) versus treatment as usual (TAU) on on self-esteem, self-efficacy, quality of life, and self-stigma for schizophrenia.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALCompensatory Cognitive Training
Teach the participants compensatory cognitive skills and strategies
Sponsors
Taoyuan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, R.O.C. Taiwan
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
20 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* diagnosis of schizophrenia, based on the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for research (World Health Organization, 1992) * age from 20 to 65 * attending day care center regularly for at least 3 months * taking stable dose of medication for at least 3 months
Exclusion criteria
* comorbid autism spectrum disorder * comorbid mental retardation * lacking the reading and writing skills
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change scores of Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) | 3 times: 1 to 2 weeks before intervention, 1 day after intervention and at 1 month after intervention | The Chinese version of Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) was implemented as self-esteem measures. The total score ranged from 10 to 40, with higher scores reflecting higher levels of self-esteem. |
| Change scores of General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) | 3 times: 1 to 2 weeks before intervention, 1 day after intervention and at 1 month after intervention | The Chinese version of General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) consisted of 10 items, assessing optimistic self-beliefs to cope with a variety of difficult demands in life. The total score ranged from 10 to 40, with higher scores indicating more self-efficacy. |
| Change scores of Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale Revision 4 (SQLS-R4) | 3 times: 1 to 2 weeks before intervention, 1 day after intervention and at 1 month after intervention | The Chinese version of Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale Revision 4 (SQLS-R4) was administered to measure subjective quality of life. The total scores ranged from 33-165, with higher scores indicating comparatively lower quality of life. |
| Change scores of Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMIS) | 3 times: 1 to 2 weeks before intervention, 1 day after intervention and at 1 month after intervention | The Chinese version of Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMIS) consists of 29 items incorporated in five domains: alienation, stereotype endorsement, discrimination experience, social withdrawal, and stigma resistance. The total scores range from 29-116. The higher scores on the ISMIS indicates more severe internalized stigmatization. |
Countries
Taiwan
Outcome results
None listed