Body Image Disturbance
Conditions
Keywords
Menstrual Cycle, Resistance Training, Body Composition, Intervention, Exercise
Brief summary
The objective of this research study is two-fold, 1) to determine if body composition and body image perception are affected through the different phases of the menstrual cycle, and 2) if an acute session of resistance training can have different effects depending on the menstrual cycle phase.
Detailed description
The purpose of the research is to establish whether body composition and body image perception are affected throughout the different phases of the menstrual cycle and if the perception can be modified through resistance training. To the best of our knowledge, only one study has analyzed the effects of the menstrual cycle on body image perception. However, research analyzing the effects of the menstrual cycle on both body image perception and, body composition is lacking. Furthermore, research in the effects of resistance training on menstrual cycle-related changes on both perceived and measured body composition are inexistent. Findings from this study have the potential to increase the knowledge about resistance training's effects in modulating body image perception throughout the menstrual cycle. Further understanding of these responses may set the groundwork to develop exercise intervention programs to reduce the risk of developing more serious mental conditions linked to unhealthy body image perception.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALEFP
This intervention will take place on day 4 of the participants' menstrual cycle. This will correspond to the mid-point of the early follicular phase (EFP).
BEHAVIORALLFP
The intervention will take place on day 8 of the participants' menstrual cycle. This will correspond to the mid-point of the late follicular phase (LFP).
BEHAVIORALELP
The intervention will take place on day 18 of the participants' menstrual cycle. This will correspond to the mid-point of the early luteal phase (ELP).
BEHAVIORALLLP
The intervention will take place on day 25 of the participants' menstrual cycle. This will correspond to the mid-point of the late luteal phase (LLP).
Sponsors
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 45 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Female * Sedentary or Active * 18.5-34.9 kg/m2 BMI * Normal menstrual cycle defined as 28 to 30 days and a duration of 3 to 7 days * Age range is 18-45 years old * The inclusion of other participants may alter the results as an increase in body fat has been linked to known changes in different hormonal levels and those changes might influence substrate utilization * Changes in the hormonal status of pre-menopausal women may appear without symptoms * Younger females also display variations in their hormones since they are going through the process of development
Exclusion criteria
* Previous physiological and mental health history * Pregnant females * Males * Irregular menstrual cycle, menstrual dysfunction or unusual sex hormone levels * Musculoskeletal injuries * Contraceptives, a medication that alters hormonal or cardio-respiratory responses * Pre-menopausal symptoms * On moderate to high-intensity exercise regime more than 2 days/week
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Relative Body Fat | Through study completion: an average of 1 month | We will measure relative body fat (percentage) using the Dual-Energy Xray Absorptiometry (DXA) |
| Body Image Perception through questionnaire | Through study completion: an average of 1 month | Participants will be distributed the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scale (MBSRQ-AS) to measure their body image perceptions. |
| Body Image Perception through drawing scale | Through study completion: an average of 1 month | Participants will be distributed the Contour Drawing Rating Scale to measure their body image perception. |
| Barriers to Weight Control | Through study completion: an average of 1 month | Participants will be distributed the Survey of Barriers to Weight Control to measure their body image perception. |
| Fat Mass in Kilograms | Through study completion: an average of 1 month | We will measure fat mass using the Dual-Energy Xray Absorptiometry (DXA) |
| Lean Body Mass in Kilograms | Through study completion: an average of 1 month | We will measure lean body mass using the Dual-Energy Xray Absorptiometry (DXA) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Leg Press One Repetition Maximum | At baseline: 1 assessment point prior randomization | Participants lower body muscular strength will be assessed by a one-repetition (1RM) on leg press |
| Dietary habits | Before each exercise session: 1 assessment point on each menstrual cycle phase | The participants diet will be recorded using the ASA-24h recall |
| Estrogen (Estradiol) levels | Before each exercise session: 1 assessment point on each menstrual cycle phase | Blood will be drawn from the participants for assessment of the estrogen hormone |
| Progesterone levels | Before each exercise session: 1 assessment point on each menstrual cycle phase | Blood will be drawn from the participants for assessment of the progesterone hormone |
| Bench Press One Repetition Maximum | At baseline: 1 assessment point prior randomization | Participants muscular strength will be assessed by a one-repetition (1RM) on bench press |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed