Breast Feeding, Low-Birth-Weight Infant
Conditions
Keywords
low birth weight infant, breast milk supplementation, finger feeding
Brief summary
Human Milk Fortifier (HMF) is designed to supply additional calories, protein, vitamins and minerals to infants less than 37 weeks gestation or those less than 1500 g at birth. Liquid and powder types of HMF are available in the commercial market. Usually, one packet of powdered HMF is mixed to 25-50 cc expressed breast milk. Fortification of human milk is technically difficult in fully breastfed infants and artificial teats such as bottle feedings are common used. A study reported lower breastfeeding rate in intervention group who used HMF in comparison with control. Finger feeding method is associated with a better breastfeeding rate in hospital use. A feasibility study in Vienna reports finger feeding method as a way to provide fortification at home was acceptable.We hypothesize that finger feeding is an easy way for HMF supplementation after discharge to increase successful breastfeeding and improve growth in preterm and or low birth weight infants.
Detailed description
For infants with very low birth weight (\<1500 g) convincing evidence indicates that providing multi-nutrients fortification including protein, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, and micro-nutrients improves infant growth during hospitalization and health outcomes. A study of predominantly breastfed preterm infants with fortification after discharge shows better growth than unsupplemented counterparts at 3 months corrected age. Another study showed that post discharged growth of \< 1800 g infants with human milk fortifier (HMF) supplementation until 48 weeks gestational age improved. But without the intensive lactation counselling the breast milk in HMF group were lower than control group if artificial teats were used. 4. Finger feeding is an alternative method to feed infants to increase successful breastfeeding, but unpopular in Indonesia. Study on finger feeding are still limited and most study of them are not randomized trial. We evaluate the method of supplementation on breastfeeding rate, growth and safety. We also do in depth interview with those who have high or low compliance.
Interventions
OTHERFinger feeding
After discharge, subjects will be given HMF supplementation by finger feeding method using finger feeder
Sponsors
Ludwig-Maximilians - University of Munich
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
3 Days to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* birth weight \< 2500 g * need HMF supplementation after discharge * predominantly breastfed * live in Jakarta city and its surrounding * parents agree to follow study procedure with signed informed consent
Exclusion criteria
* major congenital anomaly or other conditions interfere with normal growth and oral feeding
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Breastfeeding rate | 28 days | Formula used (ml/kg/day) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Growth | 28 days | mean difference in weight, length, head circumference; skin fol thickness (mm) |
| Compliance | 28 days | Number of supplementation per day |
| Stool consistency | up to 1 month | Diapered infant stool scale (1-5B) |
| Vomiting | 4 weeks | number per day |
| Choking | up to 1 month | Number per day |
| Infections | up to 1 month | Fever or other acute illness episode |
| Stool frequency | up to 1 month | Number of stool per day |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mothers's opinion about finger feeder supplementation | up to 1 month | In depth interview with guided questionnaire about using finger feeder at home (qualitative data) |
Countries
Indonesia
Contacts
Primary ContactYoga Devaera, MD
Backup ContactAryono Hendarto, PhD
Outcome results
None listed