Bipolar II Disorder
Conditions
Brief summary
The investigators hypothesized that add-on memantine (MM) 5 mg/day may reduce chronic inflammation, and subsequently improve neuro-progression process and cognitive function in middle-to-old aged bipolar II disorder (BP-II) patients. In current proposal, the investigators will conduct a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. The investigators will recruit 100-120 patients with BP-II who are older than 40 years old in three years, and allocate them to add-on MM or placebo plus standard valproic acid treatment in a 1: 1 ratio. The investigators will follow up the participants for 12 weeks and measure the severity of mood symptoms, neuropsychological tests and inflammatory markers to evaluate the therapeutic effects of add-on MM.
Detailed description
Emerging evidence showed that chronic inflammation and neuro-progression underlie bipolar disorder (BP). There were several neurobiological similarities between neuro-progression in BP and aging. Patients of BP also had many changes that were associated with early senescence. Meta-analysis showed that the association between dementia and BP were stronger than those with major depressive disorder, too. Therefore, some researchers proposed the theory of bipolar disorder as an illness of accelerated aging. However, BP is frequently under-recognized and misdiagnosed, especially bipolar II disorder (BP-II). Although the lifetime prevalence rate of BP-II ranges around 3-11%, many with BP-II were misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder and did not receive appropriate treatment. Therefore, neuro-progression may be found after decades of disease onset. The neuro-progression process, as accelerated aging process, may occur in the middle age period in BP-II patients, and contribute to the cognitive deficits, which were typically shown in old aged subjects with neurocognitive disorder. However, most of the past studies focused on bipolar I disorder (BP-I), there were few studies to investigate the early neuro-progression process in BP-II. Treatments for the cognitive deficits in middle-to-old aged BP-II patients were also lacked in literature. Memantine (MM) has neuroprotective effects through the mechanisms of reducing neuroinflammation and increasing neurotrophic factors. The previous study showed that add-on low dose MM with mood stabilizers may attenuate inflammatory status and improve metabolic dysregulation in BP patients. Therefore, the investigators hypothesized that add-on MM 5 mg/day may reduce chronic inflammation, and subsequently improve neuro-progression process and cognitive function in middle-to-old aged BP-II patients. In current proposal, the investigators will conduct a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. The investigators will recruit 100-120 patients with BP-II who are older than 40 years old in three years, and allocate them to add-on MM or placebo plus standard valproic acid treatment in a 1: 1 ratio. The investigators will follow up the participants for 12 weeks and measure the severity of mood symptoms, neuropsychological tests and inflammatory markers to evaluate the therapeutic effects of add-on MM. The current proposal will provide the important data in whether add-on MM is able to improve the cognitive deficits due to neuro-progression in BP-II, and to prevent disease progression to a more severe form of neurocognitive disorder.
Interventions
DRUGMemantine or placebo
BP-II patients who are older than 40 years old will be recruited, and allocate them to add-on memantine or placebo plus standard valproic acid treatment in a 1: 1 ratio. The participants will receive memantine 5mg/day or placebo treatment for 12 weeks.
Sponsors
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
National Cheng-Kung University Hospital
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
40 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Signed informed consent by patient or legal representative. 2. Male or female patient aged ≧40 years. 3. A diagnosis of bipolar II disorder according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria made by a specialist in psychiatry. 4. Patient or a reliable caregiver can be expected to ensure acceptable compliance and visit attendance for the duration of the study.
Exclusion criteria
The presence of any of the following will exclude a patient from study enrollment: 1. Women of childbearing potential, not using adequate contraception as per investigator judgment or not willing to comply with contraception for the duration of the study. 2. Females who are pregnant or lactation. 3. Comorbid with substance-related disorders, borderline personality disorder, schizophrenia, mental retardation, dementia or other major psychiatric disorders. But comorbid with anxiety disorder or tobacco use disorder is not an
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Memory function | 12 weeks | The participants will receive the exam of Wechsler Memory Scale-III (WMS-III) at baseline and at the endpoint (after receiving memantine or placebo treatment for 12 weeks). WMS-III composite scores were calculated for the eight standardized primary indices: Auditory Immediate (AIM, range from 50-156), Visual Immediate (VIM, range from 47-162 ), Immediate Memory (IM, range from 40-164 ), Auditory Delayed (ADM, range from 46-162), Visual Delayed (VDM, range from 43-156), Auditory Recognition Delayed (ARDM, range from 55-145), General Memory (GM, range from 40-168), and Working Memory (WM, range from 45-156 ). Higher scores indicate better performance. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| executive function | 12 weeks | The participants will receive the exam of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)at baseline and at the endpoint (after receiving memantine or placebo treatment for 12 weeks). Performance on the WCST was scored in terms of the total number of errors (TNE, range form 0-128), perseverative errors (PE, range from 0-118), conceptual level responses (CLRs, range from 0-100%), number of categories completed (NCC, range form 0-12), and trials to complete the first category (TCC, range from 0-128). Higher scores indicate worse performance in TNE, PE, and TCC. Higher scores indicate better performance in CLRs and NCC. |
| Attention | 12 weeks | The participants will receive the exam of Continuous performance tests at baseline and at the endpoint (after receiving memantine or placebo treatment for 12 weeks). The CPT produces a standard set of performance measures that include the number of errors of omission and errors of commission. (1) Errors of omission occur when the participant fails to respond to the target stimulus. The omission errors t-scores are ranged from 20-80 (0-100%). Higher scores indicated worse performance. (2) Errors of commission occur when the participant responds to a non-target (X) stimulus. The commission errors t-scores are ranged from 20-80 (0-100%). Higher scores indicated worse performance. |
| Processing speed | 12 weeks | The participants will receive the exam of Trial-Making Test at baseline and at the endpoint (after receiving memantine or placebo treatment for 12 weeks). Higher score indicate worse performance. |
| Inflammatory status | 12 weeks | The plasma levels of cytokines and neurotrophic factors, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α\[pg/mL\]), C-reactive protein (CRP\[pg/mL\]), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1 \[pg/mL\]), interleukin 6( IL-6\[pg/mL\]), interleukin 8(IL-8\[pg/mL\]), interleukin 1β (IL-1β\[pg/mL\]), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF\[pg/mL\]), will be measured in participants at baseline and at the endpoint (after receiving memantine or placebo treatment for 12 weeks). |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mood symptoms severity | 12 weeks | The participants will receive the evaluation of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Young Mania Rating Scale at baseline and at the endpoint (after receiving memantine or placebo treatment for 12 weeks). The total scores of HDRS range from 0-52. The total scores of YMRS range from 0-60. Higher scores indicate more severe mood symptoms. |
Countries
Taiwan
Contacts
Primary ContactTzu-Yun Wang
Outcome results
None listed