Undefined
Conditions
Brief summary
This study was aimed to observe the efficacy of Valsalva maneuver in reducing pain intensity during spinal needle insertion.
Detailed description
Spinal anesthesia is one of the regional anesthesia techniques needed to provide motor, sensory, and autonomic blocks specifically for lower limbs by delivering local anesthetics into subarachnoid space. This technique is not difficult to perform and relatively inexpensive. However, spinal anesthesia may cause an intense pain during needle insertion. Valsalva maneuver is an attempt to force expiration by pushing a closed airway, such as covering nose or mouth. This maneuver can lead to anti-nociceptive stimulation and may decrease the pain. Thus, this study was aimed to observe the efficacy of Valsalva maneuver in reducing pain intensity during spinal needle insertion.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALValsalva Maneuver
Performing Valsalva maneuver will reduce the pain intensity during spinal needle insertion.
Sponsors
Indonesia University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Elective patients having spinal anesthesia * Patients with no previous history of spinal anesthesia * Patients with criteria of American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) I-II * Patients willing to participate in the study and signing informed consent form
Exclusion criteria
* Patients with contraindications of spinal anesthesia * Patients with difficulty in blowing 30 mmHg for 20 seconds * Patients having allergic reactions due to local anesthetics and opioid
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Level of Pain Intensity | 15 minutes | Pain Measurement by Visual Analog Scale or Numeric Rating Scale with Range 1-10 |
Countries
Indonesia
Outcome results
None listed