Ultra-marathon Runners
Conditions
Keywords
Sex differences, Ultra-endurance running, Mont Blanc Ultra Trail, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), Neuromuscular tests, Plantar flexors, Knee extensors, Force/Velocity Profile (FVP)
Brief summary
Acute physiological consequences of ultra-marathon running are still unknown, particularly in women. Some studies have suggested that the proportion of fatigue attributable to peripheral and central mechanisms varies between males and females; however, results are contradictory. The results from the investigators of the present experiment in two studies conducted in 2009 and 2012 showed that: * A large part of fatigue induced by a mountain ultra-marathon could be attributed to central fatigue in males and that, * Females exhibited less peripheral fatigue in the plantar flexors than males did after a 110-km ultra-trail-running race. According to the literature, there seems to be a plateau in fatigue after 12-15 hours of running.
Detailed description
Thus, the main purpose of the present project is to investigate whether sex differences in neuromuscular fatigue in plantar flexors depend on the distance (\> 100 km vs \< 60 km).
Interventions
OTHERNeuromuscular tests in isometric mode
Protocol for neuromuscular tests in isometric mode will be assessed by the composite of these measures : * Voluntary maximum forces plantar flexors and knee extensors * Electrically evoked forces * ElectroMyoGraphic activity (EMG) * Three-Modality Evoked Potentials (TMEPs)
DEVICETranscranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
Measure of supraspinal activation level and cortical excitation by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
OTHERNeuromuscular fatigue assessment test
Neuromuscular fatigue assessment test in dynamic mode will be assessed by the Force/Velocity Profile (FVP) measure: 2 sprints of 8 seconds on a cycle ergometer.
OTHERtreadmill
2 sessions of treadmill will be realized: 8 and 10 km.h-1 for level running and 7 km.h-1 with 10% slope for graded running.
BIOLOGICALBlood sample
Blood sample will be realized to measure hemorrheologic and hematologic parameters.
BIOLOGICALUrinary sample
Urinary sample will be realized to measure hemorrheologic and hematologic parameters.
Sponsors
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint Etienne
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Subject listed in the race 2019 Mont Blanc Ultra Trail * Affiliates or beneficiaries of social security scheme * Signed consent
Exclusion criteria
* Subject having been injured in the previous 3 months * Pregnant woman * Chronic joint diseases * Chronic or central neurological pathologies * Taking neuroactive substances that can alter corticospinal excitability * Contraindication to experimental procedures including Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) * Taking corticosteroids in the previous 3 months
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Variation (%) of the amplitudes of the electric shock | 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after | Measured by the electrically evoked force after contraction in isometric mode of the plantar flexors |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Voluntary maximum forces knee extensors | 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after | Analysis : * Quantification of neuromuscular fatigue assessment; * Evolution of race mechanics and the energy cost between males and females depending on the distance of the race. Voluntary maximum forces knee extensors measures by seat type Cybex in percentage (%). |
| Electrically evoked forces | 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after | Analysis : * Quantification of neuromuscular fatigue assessment; * Evolution of race mechanics and the energy cost between males and females depending on the distance of the race. Electrically evoked forces measures by neurostimulator in percentage (%). |
| ElectroMyoGraphic activity (EMG) | 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after | Analysis : * Quantification of neuromuscular fatigue assessment; * Evolution of race mechanics and the energy cost between males and females depending on the distance of the race. ElectroMyoGraphic activity (EMG) measures by electromyography. The EMG signal will be recorded with pairs of electrodes fixed with an adhesive tape bilaterally over the muscular belly. |
| Three-Modality Evoked Potentials (TMEPs) | 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after | Analysis : * Quantification of neuromuscular fatigue assessment; * Evolution of race mechanics and the energy cost between males and females depending on the distance of the race. Three-Modality Evoked Potentials (TMEPs) measures by magnetic stimulator in percentage (%). |
| Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) | 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after | Analysis : * Quantification of neuromuscular fatigue assessment; * Evolution of race mechanics and the energy cost between males and females depending on the distance of the race. Measured supraspinal activation level and cortical excitation by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) in percentage (%). |
| Force/Velocity Profile (FVP) | 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after | Analysis: * Quantification of neuromuscular fatigue assessment; * Evolution of race mechanics and the energy cost between males and females depending on the distance of the race. Measured Force/Velocity Profile (FVP) test: 2 sprints of 8 seconds on a cycle ergometer. |
| Blood viscosity | 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after | Measured by blood sample. |
| Number of red blood cell | 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after | Measured by blood sample. |
| Number of platelets | 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after | Measured by blood sample. |
| Voluntary maximum forces plantar flexors | 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after | Analysis : * Quantification of neuromuscular fatigue assessment; * Evolution of race mechanics and the energy cost between males and females depending on the distance of the race. Measured by voluntary maximum forces plantar flexors test (seat type Cybex) in percentage (%). |
| Rate of hemoglobin (%) | 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after | Measured by blood sample. |
| creatinine (mg/L) | 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after | Measured by blood sample. |
| C reactive protein (CRP) (mg/L) | 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after | Measured by blood sample. |
| urea (g/L) | 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after | Measured by blood sample. |
| uric acid (mg/L) | 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after | Measured by blood sample. |
| lactate (mg/L) | 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after | Measured by blood sample. |
| Proteinuria-density urinary (mg/24h) | 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after | Measured by urinary sample. |
| Kinematic variable | 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after | Measured by treadmill result. |
| Number of white blood cells | 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after | Measured by blood sample. |
Countries
France
Outcome results
None listed