Menstrual Cycle, Substrate Metabolism
Conditions
Keywords
resistance training, carbohydrate metabolism, fat oxidation
Brief summary
This research project's objective is to investigate substrate metabolism behavior in response to the RT during different phases of the menstrual cycle.
Detailed description
Based on the literature the investigators hypothesize an increase in fat oxidation in early follicular phase(EFP) and late follicular phase (LFP) when compared to early luteal phase (ELP) and late luteal phase (LLP). Given the lack of research in exercise and menstrual cycle - especially in resistance training - results are uncertain unless the investigators base their hypotheses only on the general physiological effects of sex hormones (without exercise). In this case, the investigators expect to see a reduced carbohydrate utilization and an increased utilization of fats in EFP and LFP. In addition, the intervention is focused on muscular endurance and, therefore, it is expected to see a higher reliance on aerobic pathways. It is expected that the effects of the intervention will be added to the effects of estrogens, with increasing fat oxidation when estrogen levels are higher. Lastly, a comparison of fat oxidation levels obtained on each sub-phase would reveal if there are differences in the magnitude of the effect of distinct concentrations of estrogen and progesterone.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALLLP
This group will perform the Resistance training intervention on day 21 of the menstrual cycle, which corresponds to the mid of late luteal phase
BEHAVIORALEFP
This group will perform the Resistance training intervention on day 4 of the menstrual cycle, which corresponds to the mid of early follicular phase.
BEHAVIORALLFP
This group will perform the Resistance training intervention on day 11 of the menstrual cycle, which corresponds to the mid of late follicular phase.
BEHAVIORALELP
This group will perform the Resistance training intervention on the day 18 of the menstrual cycle, which corresponds to the mid of early luteal phase
Sponsors
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
The participants will be randomized into either one of the 4 four phases- namely Early Follicular Phase(EFP-Days1 to 7), Late Follicular Phase(LFP-Days 8 to 14), Early Luteal Phase(ELP-Days 15 to 21) or Late Luteal Phase(LLP-Days 22 to 28) of the menstrual phase. Once the participant is assigned to one of the phases. Each participant will undergo 4 intervention days. the first intervention day will take place during the mid-point of the said phase i.e. EFP- Day 4. After one intervention is complete there will be a washout period and the intervention will take place on the 7th day after the first intervention i.e if the first intervention is LFP done on day 11 of the menstrual cycle the next intervention will take place on day 18 of menstrual cycle which will account for ELP. In this manner, the Participant will be tested in all 4 phases.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 45 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Females with BMI-18.5-34.99 and between 18-45 years, with normal menstrual cycle defined as 28-30 days cycles +-3 days. * Including higher BMI participants might alter the results as increased body fat has been linked to changes in different hormonal levels (not only sex hormones) and that might influence substrate utilization. * Sedentary .or physically active for 2 days a week or less.
Exclusion criteria
* • Musculoskeletal injuries, * cardio-respiratory conditions, * metabolic conditions, * irregular menstrual cycle, * menstrual dysfunction or unusual sex hormone levels, * on contraceptives, * on medication that alter hormonal or cardio-respiratory responses, * pre-menopausal symptoms, * on moderate to high-intensity exercise regime more than 2d/week. * All these
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in Substrate oxidation | During each exercise session: 1 assessment point on each menstrual cycle phase | changes in substrate oxidation will be measured using cosmed K5 during the intervention phase |
| Changes in Estrogen levels. | At baseline: 1 assessment point on each menstrual cycle phase | Blood would be drawn from the participants for assessment of hormone estrogen |
| Changes in Progesterone levels. | At baseline: 1 assessment point on each menstrual cycle phase | Blood would be drawn from the participants for assessment of hormone Progesterone. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Lean Body Mass (kg) | At baseline: 1 assessment point | Body composition i.e Fat mass, Lean body mass and Body fat percentage will be measured using dual-energy xray absorptiometry |
| Muscular strength | At baseline: 1 assessment point | Muscular strength will be assessed by one-repetition maximum test on leg press and bench press |
| Diet | At baseline: 1 assessment point on each menstrual cycle phase | Diet will be measured using ASA-24h recall |
| Fat Mass (kg) | At baseline: 1 assessment point | Body composition i.e Fat mass, Lean body mass and Body fat percentage will be measured using dual-energy xray absorptiometry |
| Cardiorespiratory Function | At baseline: 1 assessment point | maximal oxygen consumption will measured on a treadmill with a metabolic cart |
| Relative Body Fat (%) | At baseline: 1 assessment point | Body composition i.e Fat mass, Lean body mass and Body fat percentage will be measured using dual-energy xray absorptiometry |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed