Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
Conditions
Brief summary
comparing the exercise induced immune response after two weeks on a low carbohydrate (ketogenic) diet with the response after two weeks on a high carbohydrate diet.
Detailed description
A cross-over intervention study, with a total duration of 6 weeks. An athlete follows a high, or low carbohydrate (ketogenic) diet. After 2 days a test day takes place where the athlete performs an exercise test and blood samples are taken at different time points. After that, the athlete continues following the diet for another 12 days, after which he comes back again for another identical test day. Then a 2 weeks wash-out period. After that, the athlete follows the same protocol but then with either the low (ketogenic), or high carbohydrate diet.
Interventions
OTHERdiet
low carbohydrate diet (\< 10 EN% carbs) vs high carbohydrate diet (\>50 EN% carbs)
Sponsors
Wageningen University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 45 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Male * Age: 18 - 45 y * BMI: 18.5 - 25 kg/m2 * Hb ≥ 8.5 mmol/L, determined with blood sample from finger tip * Minimal of 3 hours of training per week, and a maximum of 10 hours * DKTP (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus and polio) vaccinated (for stimulation of isolated cells (PBMC's) with tetanus toxoid) * No asthma medication and/or anti-inflammatory medication * No use of immunosuppressive medication * No flu and/or travel vaccinations in the 4 months before and during the study * Able to be present and participate at all test days * Willing and able to follow prescribed 2 times a diet for 2 weeks in a row
Exclusion criteria
* Chronic illness * Food allergies (e.g. nuts, gluten, avocado) * Vegetarian diet * Blood donations during study or in the 2 months prior to the study * Use of immunosuppressive medication * Flu and/or travel vaccination 4 months before and during the study * Hb \< 8.5 mmol/L * Working at Human Nutrition - Wageningen University
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| PBMC cell differentiation changes in % | after 2 days and 2 weeks of adapted diet | blood samples will be collected before and after exercise, the % of T-cells, NK-T-cells, B-cells, Monocytes in blood will be estimated with flow cytometrie. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Free fatty acids | after 2 days and 2 weeks of adapted diet | in blood will be detected with an ELISA |
| stress hormone Cortisol | after 2 days and 2 weeks of adapted diet | blood samples will be collected before and after exercise, the level of cortisol will be estimated in these blood samples |
| ketone bodies | after 2 days and 2 weeks of adapted diet | in urine will be detected with KetoStix |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed