Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Conditions
Keywords
anterior knee pain, patellofemoral pain syndrome AND treatment, patellofemoral pain AND diagnosis, patellofemoral pain syndrome AND exercise, patellofemoral pain AND physiotherapy
Brief summary
Introduction: The patellofemoral pain syndrome (SPF) is one of the most frequent pathologies generated by the knee joint. Conservative treatment with physiotherapy exercises reduces pain and improves functional capacity in the short and medium term. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of combining a program of muscle strengthening exercises for the core, hip and knee on anterior knee pain in non-athletic patients with SPF. Materials and methods: Randomized controlled trial clinical trial, designed to evaluate the effect of two muscle strengthening programs in people with SPF (Group A: exercises for core, hip and knee, Group B: exercises for hip and knee), during eight weeks of intervention in people between 15 and 40 years of age, with a clinical diagnosis of SPF, with a level of mild to moderate physical activity. The Kujala test was used to measure pain and quality of life.
Detailed description
Experimental study: controlled clinical trial, designed to evaluate the effect of two muscle strengthening programs in people with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Young adults between 15 and 40 years old, with clinical diagnosis of patellofemoral pain syndrome (by means of Computerized Axial Tomography and medical concept of a specialist Orthopedist in knee), in the last three years, non-athletes with a level of physical activity between mild and moderate, affiliated to the health care institution CAFAM (Caja de Compensación Familiar is a compensation fund of Colombia that has pharmacies, hotels, Convention Center, Recreation Club, School, among others and offers Subsidy Services, Credits, Insurance, Tourism, Health, Education, Housing). All the procedures developed within the study had as a reference the standards of good clinical practice and ethical principles for medical research in humans. The participants signed the informed consent where they accepted their participation in the present study. The participants were randomized with the SNOSE (sequentially numbered, opaque sealed envelopes) method to two protocols of muscular strengthening (Group A: Exercises for core, hip and knee and Group B: Exercises for Hip and Knee).
Interventions
Both protocols lasted eight (8) weeks, the anatomical conditioning phase was carried out in two weeks of intervention, followed by 4 weeks of strengthening or strength increase and two additional weeks as a final or maintenance phase, at the end of which performed the final evaluations to identify if there were differences in the groups after the physiotherapeutic intervention. Group A: 28 exercises Group B: 24 exercises
Sponsors
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
SNOSE: Sequentially Numbered, Opaque Sealed Envelopes. The forty subjects of the experimental procedure were assigned to the two intervention groups from three steps: 1. A paper / charcoal sheet was placed on an Assignation paper marked with Group A or Group B, 2. Then they were lined with aluminum foil, also rectangular and 3. They were finally inserted in a white envelope which was sealed with glue. Forty of these envelopes were made, twenty for Group A and the other half for Group B, after that, they were mixed in a cardboard box and then enumerated one by one at random until the 40 envelopes were completed. Each envelope was delivered in order of numbering to each of the patients who were entering the treatment. The investigator directed the strengthening program and another Physical Therapist addressed the tests.
Intervention model description
Experimental study type controlled clinical trial, designed to evaluate the effect of two muscle strengthening programs in people with patellofemoral pain syndrome (Group A: Exercises for core, hip and knee and Group B: exercises for hip and knee).
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
15 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Patients with a clinical diagnosis of patellofemoral misalignment with knee CT, aged between 15 and 40 years. * Patients with clinical signs of retropatellar pain at rest or in the following activities: going up or down stairs, jumping, running, doing squats, kneeling, or sitting for a long time. * Pain or apprehension to the mobilization of the patella. * Crepitus with pain when performing squats. * Confirmatory CT of unilateral or bilateral patellofemoral misalignment.
Exclusion criteria
* Clinical history or clinical evidence of patellofemoral dislocation, subluxation or osteoarthrosis of the knees. * Dysfunction of the ligaments, bursa, meniscus, patellar tendon or synovial plica of the knee. * Traumatic lesions of ligaments or meniscus or patients with osteoarthrosis secondary to congenital conditions. * Clinical history of orthopedic surgery in lower limbs.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | The next table shows the distribution of the 13 domains of the Kujala´Test by intervention group at baseline (Time point 1, one day before intervention). Assessed at baseline and after treatment, only baseline pre-specified to be reported. | The Kujala patellofemoral pain scale, is an assessment tool developed to assesses pain and function in patients with disorders of the patellofemoral joint and consists of 13 questions, each with three to five response options, scored from 0 to 5, or 0 to 10, depending on the question. The lowest possible total value is 0 and corresponds to patients who are in a worse functional health condition. The highest possible total value is 100, for those that do not have any alteration and are in optimal condition. The results below, are presented as percentages and 95% confidence interval. |
| Assessment of Change in Pain With Visual Analogue Scale | The pain assessment will be done at two different time points (Time point 1 is baseline, one day before intervention and Time point 2 is 8 weeks post-intervention) | Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is a numeric scale from 0 to 10 to measure pain (been 0 no pain and 10 worse pain). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Quadriceps and Gluteus Strength With Squat´s Test | Quadriceps and gluteus Strength assessment will be done at two different time points (Time point 1 is baseline, one day before intervention and Time point 2 is 8 weeks post-intervention) | Squat Test is a field test, easy and simple to assess the Gluteus and quadriceps muscles strength. |
| Change in Patellofemoral Misalignment With Q Angle´s Exam | The Q angle assessment will be done at two different time points (Time point 1 is baseline, one day before intervention and Time point 2 is 8 weeks post-intervention). | We measured the Q angle (degrees) between the border of the anterosuperior iliac spine, the center of the patella and the center of the tibia. the data result, shows the median values, and the interquartile range (IR) with a Delta change between measure number 1 and number 2. |
| Change in the Total Amount (Work, Transport, Home and Recreation) of Physical Activity Reported in Minutes and Measured With The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form | Physical Activity will be measured at two different time points (Time point 1 is baseline, one day before intervention and Time point 2 is 8 weeks post-intervention) | The amount of physical activity places patients in 1 to 3 categories: 1\. Low/inactive: do not meet criteria for categories 2 or 3. 2. Moderate: meet 1 the following: a. 3 or more days with at least 20 minutes of vigorous activity b. 5 or more days with at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity or walking. c. 5 or more days with any combination of walking, moderate-intensity, or vigorous intensity activities with at least 600 MET-min/week. 3. High: meet 1 of the following: a. 3 or more days of vigorous-intensity activity and at least 1500 MET-min/week. b. 7 days of any combination of walking moderate-intensity, or vigorous intensity activities with at least 3000 MET-min/week. We decided to add the time in minutes for each category of the IPAQ (work, transport, home and recreation), to obtain a more objective calculation, and to be able to make comparisons between the two different time points. |
| Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Static Balance assesment will be done at two different time points (Time point 1 is baseline, one day before intervention and Time point 2 is 8 weeks post-intervention) | This test is used to evaluate the control of postural and static balance with the eyes open and closed in seconds. (if the participant does not complete the 45 seconds framework is thought to be lacking of equilibrium). |
| Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | The Core strength assessment will be done at two different time points (Time point 1 is baseline, one day before intervention and Time point 2 is 8 weeks post-intervention) | The protocol consists of 3 tests that measure all aspects of torso strength via isometric muscle endurance 1.Trunk flexor test, 2.Trunk extensor test 3. Lateral musculature test (rigth and left side). t is a timed test involving a static, isometric contraction, until the individual exhibits fatigue and can no longer hold the assumed position. The goal of the test is to hold each position for as long as possible. |
Countries
Colombia
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Core, Hip and Knee. Physical Exercises to strengthen the core, hip and knee.
Strengthening program: Both protocols lasted eight (8) weeks, the anatomical conditioning phase was carried out in two weeks of intervention, followed by 4 weeks of strengthening or strength increase and two additional weeks as a final or maintenance phase, at the end of which performed the final evaluations to identify if there were differences in the groups after the physiotherapeutic intervention.
Group A: 28 exercises Group B: 24 exercises | 20 |
| Hip and Knee Physical Exercises to strengthen the hip and knee.
Strengthening program: Both protocols lasted eight (8) weeks, the anatomical conditioning phase was carried out in two weeks of intervention, followed by 4 weeks of strengthening or strength increase and two additional weeks as a final or maintenance phase, at the end of which performed the final evaluations to identify if there were differences in the groups after the physiotherapeutic intervention.
Group A: 28 exercises Group B: 24 exercises | 20 |
| Total | 40 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Hip and Knee | Core, Hip and Knee. | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical Age <=18 years | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Age >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Age Between 18 and 65 years | 18 Participants | 18 Participants | 36 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 29 years | 32.5 years | 30.75 years |
| BMI | 23.8 kg/m^2 | 25.4 kg/m^2 | 24.6 kg/m^2 |
| Fat Percent | 35.4 percent | 35.4 percent | 35.4 percent |
| Height | 159.5 cm | 160 cm | 159.75 cm |
| Muscle Percent | 26.2 percent | 26.9 percent | 26.6 percent |
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | — | — | 0 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment Colombia | 20 Participants | 20 Participants | 40 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 18 Participants | 18 Participants | 36 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 4 Participants |
| The International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Long Form (27-item self-reported measure) | 1617 total minutes of physical activity | 3003 total minutes of physical activity | 2310 total minutes of physical activity |
| Visceral Fat Percent | 5 percent | 6 percent | 5.5 percent |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 20 | 0 / 20 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 20 | 0 / 20 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 20 | 0 / 20 |
Outcome results
Primary
Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval.
The Kujala patellofemoral pain scale, is an assessment tool developed to assesses pain and function in patients with disorders of the patellofemoral joint and consists of 13 questions, each with three to five response options, scored from 0 to 5, or 0 to 10, depending on the question. The lowest possible total value is 0 and corresponds to patients who are in a worse functional health condition. The highest possible total value is 100, for those that do not have any alteration and are in optimal condition. The results below, are presented as percentages and 95% confidence interval.
Time frame: The next table shows the distribution of the 13 domains of the Kujala´Test by intervention group at baseline (Time point 1, one day before intervention). Assessed at baseline and after treatment, only baseline pre-specified to be reported.
Population: Group A (core, hip and knee) completed a 28 exercises and Group B (hip and knee) completed a 24 exercises both groups during 8 weeks, each exercise session lasted 45 to 60 minutes and included warm up, strengthening, balance and stretching.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with constant and severe pain | 20 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with occasional severe pain | 20 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with pain that interferes with sleep | 10 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with mild and occasional pain | 50 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with permanent inflammation | 10 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with inflammation every night | 15 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with inflammation with daily activities | 30 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with inflammation after a great effort | 30 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with not inflammation | 15 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with severe atrophy | 0 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with mild atrophy | 15 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with not atrophy | 85 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with lameness constantly | 10 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with lameness a little, sometimes | 80 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with no limp | 10 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with impossible to support the limb | 10 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with pain with limb support | 55 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with the extremity completely painless | 35 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants that can't walk | 5 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants that can walk between 1-2 Km | 20 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants that can walk more than 2 km | 45 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants that can walk without limit | 30 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants that are not able to go up and down stairs | 5 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with pain when going up and down the stairs | 50 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with slight pain when going down the stairs | 45 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants that can go up and down the stairs without difficulty | 0 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants that can't do squats | 20 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants that can do squats with help | 5 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants that are always in pain when doing squats | 20 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with pain when doing squats quickly | 25 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants squating without difficulty | 30 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants unable to remain seated with knees bent | 15 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with pain forces him/her to extend his knees | 65 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants that are always in pain to sit with their knees bent | 10 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with only pain if they have exercised | 5 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with no problem sitting with their knees bent | 5 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with more than two dislocations of the patella | 10 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with less than a confirmed dislocation | 10 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with dislocations occasionally with daily activities | 20 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with dislocations occasionally with exercise | 30 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with no dislocations of the patella | 30 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with severe deficiency for knee flexion | 20 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with mild deficiency for knee flexion | 70 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with no deficiency for knee flexion | 10 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants unable to run | 25 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with severe pain always when running | 0 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with slight pain since starting to run | 25 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with pain after 2 km of running | 35 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants that can run without limit | 15 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants unable to jump | 25 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with permanent pain when jumping | 15 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with slight difficulty jumping | 35 percentage of participants |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with no difficulty jumping | 25 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants that can't do squats | 0 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with constant and severe pain | 20 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with slight pain since starting to run | 25 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with occasional severe pain | 40 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants that can do squats with help | 15 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with pain that interferes with sleep | 10 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with no dislocations of the patella | 5 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with mild and occasional pain | 30 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants that are always in pain when doing squats | 40 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with permanent inflammation | 20 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with slight difficulty jumping | 35 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with inflammation every night | 0 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with pain when doing squats quickly | 40 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with inflammation with daily activities | 10 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with severe deficiency for knee flexion | 5 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with inflammation after a great effort | 30 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants squating without difficulty | 5 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with not inflammation | 40 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with pain after 2 km of running | 35 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with severe atrophy | 5 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants unable to remain seated with knees bent | 0 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with mild atrophy | 30 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with mild deficiency for knee flexion | 70 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with not atrophy | 70 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with pain forces him/her to extend his knees | 70 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with lameness constantly | 10 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with permanent pain when jumping | 20 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with lameness a little, sometimes | 75 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants that are always in pain to sit with their knees bent | 10 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with no limp | 15 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with no deficiency for knee flexion | 25 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with impossible to support the limb | 5 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with only pain if they have exercised | 20 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with pain with limb support | 80 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants that can run without limit | 10 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with the extremity completely painless | 15 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with no problem sitting with their knees bent | 0 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants that can't walk | 5 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants unable to run | 15 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants that can walk between 1-2 Km | 25 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with more than two dislocations of the patella | 10 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants that can walk more than 2 km | 45 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with no difficulty jumping | 15 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants that can walk without limit | 25 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with less than a confirmed dislocation | 15 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants that are not able to go up and down stairs | 0 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with severe pain always when running | 15 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with pain when going up and down the stairs | 75 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with dislocations occasionally with daily activities | 40 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with slight pain when going down the stairs | 15 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants unable to jump | 30 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants that can go up and down the stairs without difficulty | 10 percentage of participants |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain and Function Before and After Treatment With Kujala´s Test: Presented as Percentages and 95% Confidence Interval. | Percentage of participants with dislocations occasionally with exercise | 30 percentage of participants |
p-value: <0.0595% CI: [0.025, 0.05]Fisher Exact
Primary
Assessment of Change in Pain With Visual Analogue Scale
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is a numeric scale from 0 to 10 to measure pain (been 0 no pain and 10 worse pain).
Time frame: The pain assessment will be done at two different time points (Time point 1 is baseline, one day before intervention and Time point 2 is 8 weeks post-intervention)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain With Visual Analogue Scale | Initial VAS | 7.5 units on a scale |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain With Visual Analogue Scale | Final VAS | 2.0 units on a scale |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Assessment of Change in Pain With Visual Analogue Scale | Delta (Change between Initial and Final VAS) | -6.0 units on a scale |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain With Visual Analogue Scale | Initial VAS | 7 units on a scale |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain With Visual Analogue Scale | Final VAS | 2.0 units on a scale |
| Hip and Knee | Assessment of Change in Pain With Visual Analogue Scale | Delta (Change between Initial and Final VAS) | -4.0 units on a scale |
p-value: <0.05Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam
The protocol consists of 3 tests that measure all aspects of torso strength via isometric muscle endurance 1.Trunk flexor test, 2.Trunk extensor test 3. Lateral musculature test (rigth and left side). t is a timed test involving a static, isometric contraction, until the individual exhibits fatigue and can no longer hold the assumed position. The goal of the test is to hold each position for as long as possible.
Time frame: The Core strength assessment will be done at two different time points (Time point 1 is baseline, one day before intervention and Time point 2 is 8 weeks post-intervention)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | Plank (Time Point 1) | 20.5 seconds |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | Plank (Time Point 2) | 60 seconds |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | Plank: Delta or change between Time point 1 and 2 | 37 seconds |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | Lateral Plank (Right) (Time Point 1) | 15 seconds |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | Lateral Plank (Right) (Time Point 2) | 45 seconds |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | Rigth Lateral Plank: Delta or change between Time point 1 and 2 | 30 seconds |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | Lateral Plank (Left) (Time Point 1) | 12.5 seconds |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | Lateral Plank (Left) (Time Point 2) | 45 seconds |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | Left Lateral Plank: Delta or change between Time point 1 and 2 | 30 seconds |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | Trunk Extension (Time Point 1) | 13.5 seconds |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | Trunk Extension (Time Point 2) | 61 seconds |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | Trunk Extension: Delta or change between Time point 1 and 2 | 49 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | Trunk Extension (Time Point 2) | 30 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | Plank (Time Point 1) | 30 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | Lateral Plank (Left) (Time Point 1) | 18 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | Plank (Time Point 2) | 35 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | Trunk Extension (Time Point 1) | 13.5 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | Plank: Delta or change between Time point 1 and 2 | 10 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | Lateral Plank (Left) (Time Point 2) | 21 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | Lateral Plank (Right) (Time Point 1) | 15 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | Trunk Extension: Delta or change between Time point 1 and 2 | 15 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | Lateral Plank (Right) (Time Point 2) | 22 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | Left Lateral Plank: Delta or change between Time point 1 and 2 | 5 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Core Strength With McGill´s Exam | Rigth Lateral Plank: Delta or change between Time point 1 and 2 | 6 seconds |
p-value: <0.05Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Change in Patellofemoral Misalignment With Q Angle´s Exam
We measured the Q angle (degrees) between the border of the anterosuperior iliac spine, the center of the patella and the center of the tibia. the data result, shows the median values, and the interquartile range (IR) with a Delta change between measure number 1 and number 2.
Time frame: The Q angle assessment will be done at two different time points (Time point 1 is baseline, one day before intervention and Time point 2 is 8 weeks post-intervention).
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Patellofemoral Misalignment With Q Angle´s Exam | Delta or change between Time point 1 and 2 | 0 Degrees |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Patellofemoral Misalignment With Q Angle´s Exam | Initial Rigth Knee | 19 Degrees |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Patellofemoral Misalignment With Q Angle´s Exam | Final Rigth Knee | 18 Degrees |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Patellofemoral Misalignment With Q Angle´s Exam | Initial Left Knee | 18 Degrees |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Patellofemoral Misalignment With Q Angle´s Exam | Final Left Knee | 18 Degrees |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Patellofemoral Misalignment With Q Angle´s Exam | Delta or Change between Time point 1 and 2 | 0 Degrees |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Patellofemoral Misalignment With Q Angle´s Exam | Final Left Knee | 18 Degrees |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Patellofemoral Misalignment With Q Angle´s Exam | Initial Left Knee | 18 Degrees |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Patellofemoral Misalignment With Q Angle´s Exam | Initial Rigth Knee | 18 Degrees |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Patellofemoral Misalignment With Q Angle´s Exam | Delta or Change between Time point 1 and 2 | 0 Degrees |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Patellofemoral Misalignment With Q Angle´s Exam | Final Rigth Knee | 18 Degrees |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Patellofemoral Misalignment With Q Angle´s Exam | Delta or change between Time point 1 and 2 | 0 Degrees |
p-value: <0.05Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Change in Quadriceps and Gluteus Strength With Squat´s Test
Squat Test is a field test, easy and simple to assess the Gluteus and quadriceps muscles strength.
Time frame: Quadriceps and gluteus Strength assessment will be done at two different time points (Time point 1 is baseline, one day before intervention and Time point 2 is 8 weeks post-intervention)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Quadriceps and Gluteus Strength With Squat´s Test | Squats (Time Point 1) | 10 seconds |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Quadriceps and Gluteus Strength With Squat´s Test | Squats (Time point 2) | 35 seconds |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Quadriceps and Gluteus Strength With Squat´s Test | Delta or Change (Between Time 1 and 2) | 20 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Quadriceps and Gluteus Strength With Squat´s Test | Squats (Time Point 1) | 12.5 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Quadriceps and Gluteus Strength With Squat´s Test | Squats (Time point 2) | 35 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Quadriceps and Gluteus Strength With Squat´s Test | Delta or Change (Between Time 1 and 2) | 20 seconds |
p-value: <0.05Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance
This test is used to evaluate the control of postural and static balance with the eyes open and closed in seconds. (if the participant does not complete the 45 seconds framework is thought to be lacking of equilibrium).
Time frame: Static Balance assesment will be done at two different time points (Time point 1 is baseline, one day before intervention and Time point 2 is 8 weeks post-intervention)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Initial Balance with eyes open (Right leg) | 11.5 seconds |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Initial Balance with eyes closed (Right leg) | 20 seconds |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Balance with eyes open (Right leg): Delta or change between Time point 1 and 2 | 11.5 seconds |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Final Balance with eyes closed (Right leg) | 28.5 seconds |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Initial Balance with eyes closed (Left leg) | 24.5 seconds |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Balance with eyes closed (Right leg): Delta or change between time point 1 and 2 | 20 seconds |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Initial Balance with eyes open (Left leg) | 9.5 seconds |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Final Balance with eyes open (Left leg) | 45 seconds |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Final Balance with eyes closed (Left leg) | 30 seconds |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Final Balance with eyes open (Right leg) | 45 seconds |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Balance with eyes closed (Left leg): Delta or change between time point 1 and 2 | 24.5 seconds |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Balance with eyes open (Left leg): Delta or change between time point 1 and 2 | 9.5 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Balance with eyes closed (Left leg): Delta or change between time point 1 and 2 | 20 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Initial Balance with eyes open (Right leg) | 7.5 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Final Balance with eyes open (Right leg) | 45 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Balance with eyes open (Right leg): Delta or change between Time point 1 and 2 | 7.5 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Final Balance with eyes open (Left leg) | 45 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Balance with eyes open (Left leg): Delta or change between time point 1 and 2 | 20 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Initial Balance with eyes closed (Right leg) | 19 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Final Balance with eyes closed (Right leg) | 23.5 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Balance with eyes closed (Right leg): Delta or change between time point 1 and 2 | 19 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Initial Balance with eyes closed (Left leg) | 20 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Final Balance with eyes closed (Left leg) | 20 seconds |
| Hip and Knee | Change in Static Balance With Single Leg Stance | Initial Balance with eyes open (Left leg) | 20 seconds |
p-value: <0.05Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Change in the Total Amount (Work, Transport, Home and Recreation) of Physical Activity Reported in Minutes and Measured With The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form
The amount of physical activity places patients in 1 to 3 categories: 1\. Low/inactive: do not meet criteria for categories 2 or 3. 2. Moderate: meet 1 the following: a. 3 or more days with at least 20 minutes of vigorous activity b. 5 or more days with at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity or walking. c. 5 or more days with any combination of walking, moderate-intensity, or vigorous intensity activities with at least 600 MET-min/week. 3. High: meet 1 of the following: a. 3 or more days of vigorous-intensity activity and at least 1500 MET-min/week. b. 7 days of any combination of walking moderate-intensity, or vigorous intensity activities with at least 3000 MET-min/week. We decided to add the time in minutes for each category of the IPAQ (work, transport, home and recreation), to obtain a more objective calculation, and to be able to make comparisons between the two different time points.
Time frame: Physical Activity will be measured at two different time points (Time point 1 is baseline, one day before intervention and Time point 2 is 8 weeks post-intervention)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in the Total Amount (Work, Transport, Home and Recreation) of Physical Activity Reported in Minutes and Measured With The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form | Initial IPAQ Total Minutes | 3003 minutes |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in the Total Amount (Work, Transport, Home and Recreation) of Physical Activity Reported in Minutes and Measured With The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form | Final IPAQ Total Minutes | 4275 minutes |
| Core, Hip and Knee. | Change in the Total Amount (Work, Transport, Home and Recreation) of Physical Activity Reported in Minutes and Measured With The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form | Delta or change between Time point 1 and 2 | 1539 minutes |
| Hip and Knee | Change in the Total Amount (Work, Transport, Home and Recreation) of Physical Activity Reported in Minutes and Measured With The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form | Initial IPAQ Total Minutes | 1617 minutes |
| Hip and Knee | Change in the Total Amount (Work, Transport, Home and Recreation) of Physical Activity Reported in Minutes and Measured With The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form | Final IPAQ Total Minutes | 4598 minutes |
| Hip and Knee | Change in the Total Amount (Work, Transport, Home and Recreation) of Physical Activity Reported in Minutes and Measured With The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form | Delta or change between Time point 1 and 2 | 1977 minutes |
p-value: <0.05Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)