Physical Exertion
Conditions
Keywords
Ultraendurance, Sex differences, Performance, Genetics, Physiological damage
Brief summary
This study has as main objective to asses different genetic, biochemical and physiological biomarkers affecting performance and health status in ultraendurance runners according to individual's sex.
Detailed description
Ultraendurance races has been shown to impact on several health-related biomarkers, and therefore they may have detrimental effects on runners' health. In this study, we aim to analyze the impact of running a 107,6 km mountain race in ultraendurance runners splitting our sample by individual's sex. To do this, baseline measurements of the runners have been collected through stress tests and biochemical analyses of blood and urine samples. Indeed, a saliva sample was collected to isolated a genomic DNA sample of each runner. During the race anthropometrical, ventilatory and strength data was collected in three different moments and after crossing the finish line. Indeed, after completed the ultraendurance mountain race, blood and urine samples were taken at the finish line, as well as 24h and 48h post-race.
Interventions
OTHERRunning the CSP Mountain Race
The runners completed a 107,6 km mountain race
Sponsors
Club Deportivo Marató i Mitja Castelló-Penyagolosa
Fundación Vithas-Nisa
Hospital Vithas-Nisa 9 de Octubre
Universitat Jaume I
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Healthy adults (\>18 years old) * Volunteers should be finish at least one ultraendurance mountain race (\>60km).
Exclusion criteria
* Having heart disease * Having kidney disease * Taking a medication on an ongoing basis
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Telomere length, genetic marker related to biological aging | 12 hours before the race | Analysis of the telomere length in genomic DNA samples, which were isolated from saliva samples of each participant |
| Change in the biochemical parameters related to immunological response | 12 hours before the race, 15 minutes after the race, 24 hours after the race and 48 hours after the race | Blood concentration of erythrocytes, hematocrit, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and platelet volume. The concentration of each cell type is expressed in number of cells per volume (cells per liter) |
| Change in the power level | 12 hours before the race, 15 minutes after the race | Squat Jump (high of the jump measured in centimeters) |
| Change in the lung function | 12 hours before the race, and 15 minutes after the race | Pulmonary function test by spirometry. The parameters measured are vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), maximal mid-expiratory flow (MEF) and total lung capacity. Outcome data of all these parameters are expressed in liters. |
| Change in the lung function related to time | 12 hours before the race, and 15 minutes after the race | Pulmonary function test by spirometry. The parameters measured are forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and in 6 seconds (FEV6) and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Outcome data of all these parameters are expressed in liters per second. |
| Change in the Strength level | 12 hours before the race, in three moments during the race (after running 33km, 65km and 94 km), and 15 minutes after the race | Hand grip (pressure in kilograms) |
| Change in the Ventilatory Flow | 60 minutes before the race, in three moments during the race (after running 33km, 65km and 94 km), and 15 minutes after the race | Ventilatory Flow measurement (liters per minute) |
| Change in the biochemical parameters related to dehydration and kidney injury | 60 minutes before the race and 15 minutes after the race | Urine test to measure the concentration of sodium and creatinine, as well as urine density |
| Analysis of tne changes in the Physical activity data | From 9 hours before starting the race to 48 hours after crossing the finish line. | Physical activity measured by wearing accelerometer devices. Physical activity defined as sedentary, light, moderate, vigorous, very vigorous and extremely vigorous. The aim to wear accelerometers devices is to monitor individuals. |
| Analysis of the presence or absence of genetic markers related to endurance performance and ability to muscle damage recovery | 12 hours before the race | Analysis of different polymorphisms in genomic DNA samples, which were isolated from the saliva sample of each participant. |
| Change in the biochemical parameters related to kidney injury, dehydration, inflammation, and cardiac damage | 12 hours before the race, 15 minutes after the race, 24 hours after the race and 48 hours after the race | Blood concentration of estradiol, testosterone, progesterone, creatinine, troponin, C-reactive protein, hemoglobin, sodium, potassium, chlorine, iron, and ferritin. Concentration of all these parameters is expressed in mass per volume (i.e. nanograms per milliliter) |
| Change in the biochemical parameters related to muscle damage | 12 hours before the race, 15 minutes after the race, 24 hours after the race and 48 hours after the race | Blood concentration of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase. The enzyme concentration is expressed in units per volume (enzyme units per milliliter) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Self-reported questionnaire about training habits | One month before the race day | Personal questionnaire asking for training habits. Multiple-choice questions. Participants choose one of the different possible answers. Data is encoded as a factor variable with different levels. |
| Self-reported questionnaire about menstrual cycle (only for females) | One month before the race day | Personal questionnaire asking for training habits. Open-ended questions. Females answer questions regarding menstrual cycle (duration, dates, regularity, quantity of bleeding, pregnancy history, dysmenorrhea). |
| Assesment of physical condition by cardiopulmonary test | One month before the race day | Maximal oxygen consumption (milliliters of oxygen used in one minute per kilogram of body weight) |
| Analysis of body composition (proportion of body fat, fat-free mass and water) per body areas (trunk, arms and legs) | 12 hours before the race, and 15 minutes after the race, | Bioimpedance analysis (percentage of body fat, fat-free mass and water) |
| Heart rate | Through race completion (the time that a runner is performing the 107 kilometers of the race, an average of 25 hours) | Recording the number of contractions of the heart per minute (bpm) by using a heart rate monitor during the race |
| Evaluation of effort subjective perception | 60 minutes before the race, in three moments during the race (after running 33km, 65km and 94 km), and 15 minutes after the race | Borg ratings of perceived exertion (CR10). Scale with ten levels (0-Nothing at all, and 10-Extremely) |
| Evaluation of muscle damage subjective perception per body areas | 12 hours before the race, 15 minutes after the race, and 48 hours after the race | Evaluation of perceived muscle damage in a 10-level scale. Scale with ten levels (0-Nothing at all, and 10-Extremely) |
| Change in the body mass | 60 minutes before the race, in three moments during the race (after running 33km, 65km and 94 km), and 15 minutes after the race, | Body mass measurement (weight in kilograms) |
| Self-reported questionnaire about social and health status | One month before the race day | Personal questionnaire asking for social status. Multiple-choice questions. Participants choose one of the different possible answers. Data is encoded as a factor variable with different levels. |
Countries
Spain
Outcome results
None listed