Obesity
Conditions
Keywords
Resistance Exercise, Appetite Regulation
Brief summary
This study plans to learn more about how resistance training impacts appetite and the brain's response to food. The study will be evaluating how the brain responds to food images as well as how behaviors and hormones change with a 12 week resistance training intervention.
Detailed description
Aim 1: To determine if RT impacts neuronal function associated with food intake behavior in a manner favoring reduced EI in overweight/obese adults. Hypothesis: Compared to pre, post-RT fMRI measures will demonstrate ↓ neuronal responses to food cues in the insula, prefrontal cortex, and hypothalamus, brain regions implicated in reward, impulsivity, motivation, and regulation of ingestive behaviors. These changes will be associated with ad libitum EI. Aim 2: To determine if RT impacts appetite-related peptides, ratings, and food intake behaviors in a manner favoring reduced EI in overweight/obese adults. Hypothesis: Compared to pre, post-RT measures will show changes in appetite-related peptides, ratings (↓ hunger ↑ satiety), and behaviors (↓food-related cravings & impulsivity, ↑ self-efficacy) consistent with EI reduction. Changes in appetite regulation indices will be associated with changes in relevant brain networks (Aim 1). These changes will also be associated with ↓ ad libitum EI. Exploratory Aim: To determine if RT impacts neuronal function and appetite-related peptides and behaviors in a manner favoring ↓ EI in Non-Compensators (top tertile of fat mass loss) as compared to Compensators (bottom tertile of fat mass loss). Hypothesis: Compared to Compensators, Non-Compensators will show ↓ neuronal responses to food cues and default network, and changes in appetite-related peptides, ratings, and behaviors consistent with ↓ EI.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALResistance Training
12-weeks of a full body resistance training intervention. Intervention will consist of 4 training sessions per week that are approximately 45-minutes in length. Two days will be upper body training and 2 days lower body
Sponsors
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
University of Colorado, Denver
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 55 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* all ethnic groups * both sexes * age: 18-55 * BMI: 27-40 kg/m2 * weight stable (±5% in last 6 months) * sedentary (\<2 hours of planned physical activity/week by self-report, no RT in previous 12-months)
Exclusion criteria
* history of CVD * DM * uncontrolled Hypertension * untreated thyroid disease * renal disease * hepatic disease * other condition affecting weight/metabolism * unable to exercise * smoker * medications affecting weight * EI or EE in past 6 months * weight loss/gain \>5% in past 6 months * post-menopausal women (defined as age appropriate women with 6 months or more of amenorrhea) * currently pregnant, lactating, \< 6 months post-partum * woman who have undergone oophorectomy * bariatric surgery * major psychiatric disorder * alcohol or substance abuse * depression by history and/or score \>21 on CES-D * history of eating disorders and/or score \>20 on EATS-26
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Neuronal Responses to Food Cues in Regions of Interest | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Changes in the insula, prefrontal cortex, and hypothalamus response to salient food cues (pre vs post-RT) as measured by fMRI in response to 12-weeks of RT |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Default Mode Network | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Changes in the DMN resting state activity and large-scale network connectivity (pre vs post RT) as measured by MRI in response to 12-weeks of RT |
| Changes in Appetite Ratings | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Changes in measures of appetite (hunger, satiety, and prospective food consumption) area under the curve \[AUC\] following a standardized test-meal in response to 12-weeks of RT. |
| Change in Whole Brain Response | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Whole brain changes in response to salient food cues (pre vs post RT) as measured by fMRI in response to 12-weeks of RT |
| Change in In Lab Ad Libitum Energy Intake (kcals) | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Change in In lab ad libitum buffet lunch (via weigh and measure methodology) three hours after breakfast test meal at baseline and post-intervention |
| Change in Free-Living Ad libitum Energy Intake (kcals) | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Change in Three days of free-living ad libitum energy intake (via DHQ food frequency questionnaire) at baseline and post intervention. |
| Changes in Appetite-Related Hormones | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Changes in appetite-related hormones \[ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1\] area under the curve \[AUC\] following a standardized test meal in response to 12-weeks of RT. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Whole Brain Response by Sex | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Whole brain changes in response to salient food cues (pre vs post RT) as measured by fMRI in response to 12-weeks of RT. |
| Change in Default Mode Network by Non-Compensator vs. Compensator groups | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Changes in the DMN resting state activity and large-scale network connectivity (pre vs post RT) as measured by MRI in response to 12-weeks of RT. Non-Compensators (will be defined as those who lose weight in response to the 12-week resistance training intervention. Compensators will be defined as those who maintain or gain weight in response to the 12-week resistance training interventions. |
| Change in Default Mode Network by Sex | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Changes in the DMN resting state activity and large-scale network connectivity (pre vs post RT) as measured by MRI in response to 12-weeks of RT. |
| Changes in Appetite Ratings by Non-Compensator vs. Compensator groups | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Changes in measures of appetite (hunger, satiety, and prospective food consumption) area under the curve \[AUC\] following a standardized test-meal in response to 12-weeks of RT. Non-Compensators (will be defined as those who lose weight in response to the 12-week resistance training intervention. Compensators will be defined as those who maintain or gain weight in response to the 12-week resistance training interventions. |
| Changes in Appetite Ratings by Sex | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Changes in measures of appetite (hunger, satiety, and prospective food consumption) area under the curve \[AUC\] following a standardized test-meal in response to 12-weeks of RT. |
| Changes in Appetite-Related Hormones by Non-Compensator vs. Compensator groups | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Changes in appetite-related hormones \[ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1\] area under the curve \[AUC\] following a standardized test meal in response to 12-weeks of RT. Non-Compensators (will be defined as those who lose weight in response to the 12-week resistance training intervention. Compensators will be defined as those who maintain or gain weight in response to the 12-week resistance training interventions. |
| Changes in Appetite-Related Hormones by Sex | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Changes in appetite-related hormones \[ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1\] area under the curve \[AUC\] following a standardized test meal in response to 12-weeks of RT. |
| Change in In Lab Ad Libitum Energy Intake (kcals) by Non-Compensator vs. Compensator groups | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Change in In lab ad libitum buffet lunch (via weigh and measure methodology) three hours after breakfast test meal at baseline and post-intervention. Non-Compensators (will be defined as those who lose weight in response to the 12-week resistance training intervention. Compensators will be defined as those who maintain or gain weight in response to the 12-week resistance training interventions. |
| Change in In Lab Ad Libitum Energy Intake (kcals) by Sex | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Change in In lab ad libitum buffet lunch (via weigh and measure methodology) three hours after breakfast test meal at baseline and post-intervention. |
| Changes in Free-Living Physical Activity and Sedentary Time | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Physical Activity and Sedentary Time will be measured via activPAL (PALTechnologies: Glasgow, Scotland) activity monitor. Participants will be instructed to wear the monitor on their right leg for 7 consecutive days at all times except when sleeping or participating in water-based activities (e.g. showering, swimming). The time-stamped event data file from the activPAL software will be used to determine time spent sitting/lying, standing and stepping per day. |
| Change in Free-Living Ad libitum Energy Intake (kcals) by Sex | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Change in Three days of free-living ad libitum energy intake (via DHQ food frequency questionnaire) at baseline and post intervention. |
| Changes in Free-Living Physical Activity and Sedentary Time by Non-Compensator vs. Compensator groups | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Physical Activity and Sedentary Time will be measured via activPAL (PALTechnologies: Glasgow, Scotland) activity monitor. Participants will be instructed to wear the monitor on their right leg for 7 consecutive days at all times except when sleeping or participating in water-based activities (e.g. showering, swimming). The time-stamped event data file from the activPAL software will be used to determine time spent sitting/lying, standing and stepping per day. Non-Compensators (will be defined as those who lose weight in response to the 12-week resistance training intervention. Compensators will be defined as those who maintain or gain weight in response to the 12-week resistance training interventions. |
| Changes in Free-Living Physical Activity and Sedentary Time by Sex | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Physical Activity and Sedentary Time will be measured via activPAL (PALTechnologies: Glasgow, Scotland) activity monitor. Participants will be instructed to wear the monitor on their right leg for 7 consecutive days at all times except when sleeping or participating in water-based activities (e.g. showering, swimming). The time-stamped event data file from the activPAL software will be used to determine time spent sitting/lying, standing and stepping per day. |
| Change in Muscular Strength by Non-Compensators vs Compensators | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Muscular Strength via 10 repetition maximum of chest and leg press on strength training machines, respectively. Non-Compensators (will be defined as those who lose weight in response to the 12-week resistance training intervention. Compensators will be defined as those who maintain or gain weight in response to the 12-week resistance training interventions. |
| Change in Muscular Strength by Sex | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Muscular Strength via 10 repetition maximum of chest and leg press on strength training machines, respectively. |
| Change in Body Mass by Non-Compensator vs. Compensator groups | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Via Digital scale. Non-Compensators (will be defined as those who lose weight in response to the 12-week resistance training intervention. Compensators will be defined as those who maintain or gain weight in response to the 12-week resistance training interventions. |
| Change in Body Mass by Sex | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Via Digital scale. |
| Change in Body Composition by Non-Compensator vs. Compensator groups | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Assessment of fat mass and lean mass via DXA scan. Non-Compensators (will be defined as those who lose weight in response to the 12-week resistance training intervention. Compensators will be defined as those who maintain or gain weight in response to the 12-week resistance training interventions. |
| Change in Body Composition by Sex | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Assessment of fat mass and lean mass via DXA scan. |
| Change in Free-Living Ad libitum Energy Intake (kcals) by Non-Compensator vs. Compensator groups | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Change in Three days of free-living ad libitum energy intake (via DHQ food frequency questionnaire) at baseline and post intervention. Non-Compensators (will be defined as those who lose weight in response to the 12-week resistance training intervention. Compensators will be defined as those who maintain or gain weight in response to the 12-week resistance training interventions. |
| Changes in Muscular Strength | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Muscular Strength via 10 repetition maximum of chest and leg press on strength training machines, respectively. |
| Change in Body Mass (kg) | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Via Digital scale |
| Change in Body Composition | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Assessment of fat mass and lean mass via DXA scan |
| Change in Neuronal Responses to Food Cues in Regions of Interest by Non-Compensator vs. Compensator groups | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Changes in the insula, prefrontal cortex, and hypothalamus response to salient food cues (pre vs post-RT) as measured by fMRI in response to 12-weeks of RT. Non-Compensators (will be defined as those who lose weight in response to the 12-week resistance training intervention. Compensators will be defined as those who maintain or gain weight in response to the 12-week resistance training interventions. |
| Change in Neuronal Responses to Food Cues in Regions of Interest by Sex | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Changes in the insula, prefrontal cortex, and hypothalamus response to salient food cues (pre vs post-RT) as measured by fMRI in response to 12-weeks of RT. |
| Change in Whole Brain Response by Non-Compensator vs. Compensator groups | Baseline, 12 Weeks | Whole brain changes in response to salient food cues (pre vs post RT) as measured by fMRI in response to 12-weeks of RT. Non-Compensators (will be defined as those who lose weight in response to the 12-week resistance training intervention. Compensators will be defined as those who maintain or gain weight in response to the 12-week resistance training interventions. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed