Depression
Conditions
Keywords
Depression, Emotion Regulation, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Ecological Momentary Assessment
Brief summary
This study investigates depressive symptoms and the use of emotion regulation strategies over the course of a two-year period in participants terminating outpatient cognitive behavioral therapy for depression. The main objective of the study is to examine if changes in the use of certain emotion regulation strategies (e.g. reappraisal, rumination) predict depression relapse or changes in depressive symptoms after the completion of outpatient cognitive behavioral therapy.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Heidelberg University
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 100 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* age older than 18 years * regular termination of outpatient cognitive behavioral therapy for depression (or premature termination agreed upon by both the therapist and the patient because of symptom improvement after at least 12 sessions) * last therapy session not more than two weeks prior to enrollment * self-reported improvement in depressive symptoms as a result of cognitive behavioral therapy * possession of a smartphone (operating system: Android or iOS) with Internet access * possession of a laptop/desktop computer with Internet access * familiarity with apps and the Internet * fluency in German language
Exclusion criteria
* premature termination of outpatient cognitive behavioral therapy (exception: termination agreed upon by both the therapist and the patient because of symptom improvement) * BDI-II score ≥ 20 * acute substance use disorder (\< 3 months) * current or past psychotic disorder * current or past (hypo)manic episode * acute suicidality * severe neurological disorder/cerebral damage * severe physical/medical illness
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in the scores on the Heidelberg Form for Emotion Regulation Strategies (HFERST) | 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months after completion of cognitive behavioral therapy | Change in the scores on the Heidelberg Form for Emotion Regulation Strategies (German questionnaire) |
| Change in the scores on the Brief-Symptom-Checklist (BSCL) | 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months after completion of cognitive behavioral therapy | Change in the scores on the German short form of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised |
| Change in the scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) | 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months after completion of cognitive behavioral therapy | Change in the scores on the German version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale |
| Change in the scores on the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) | 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months after completion of cognitive behavioral therapy | Change in the scores on the German version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale |
| Change in ecological momentary assessment scores | 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months after completion of cognitive behavioral therapy | Change in ecological momentary assessment scores. Data will be collected using the smartphone app EmoTrack2. The app measures emotions experienced, context factors of the emotional experiences, and emotions regulation strategies used (five measurements per day over a period of seven consecutive days). |
| Change in the mental disorders diagnosed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5) | 0, 6, 12, and 24 months after completion of cognitive behavioral therapy | Change in the mental disorders diagnosed with the German version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 |
| Change in the score on the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) | 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months after completion of cognitive behavioral therapy | Change in the score on the German version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II |
| Change in the score on the WHO (Five) Well-Being Index (WHO-5) | 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months after completion of cognitive behavioral therapy | Change in the score on the German version of the WHO (Five) Well-Being Index |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in the scores on the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale | 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months after completion of cognitive behavioral therapy | Change in the scores on the German version of the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale |
| Change in the scores on the Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale | 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months after completion of cognitive behavioral therapy | Change in the scores on the revised version of the German adaptation of Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale |
| Change in the scores on the Questions on Life Satisfaction (FLZM) | 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months after completion of cognitive behavioral therapy | Change in the scores on the Questions on Life Satisfaction (German Questionnaire) |
Countries
Germany
Contacts
Primary ContactVerena Zimmermann, M.Sc.
Backup ContactChristina Timm, M.Sc.
Outcome results
None listed