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Envarsus XR Compared to Immediate Release Tacrolimus

A Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter, Open-Label, Pilot Study to Investigate Medication Adherence & Patient Reported Symptom Occurrence & Interference w/ Daily Life Comparing Envarsus XR® & Immediate Release Tacrolimus in Adult Renal Transplant Recipients (SIMPLE)

Status
Completed
Phases
Phase 4
Study type
Interventional
Source
ClinicalTrials.gov
Registry ID
NCT03979365
Acronym
SIMPLE
Enrollment
261
Registered
2019-06-07
Start date
2019-07-18
Completion date
2022-03-29
Last updated
2025-12-18

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Kidney Transplant Recipients

Keywords

tacrolimus, envarsus xr, renal transplant, kidney transplant

Brief summary

The purpose of this study is to compare once-daily tacrolimus extended-release (Envarsus XR®) to twice-daily immediate release tacrolimus to find out if people taking tacrolimus extended release (Envarsus XR®) report fewer side effects, increased medication compliance and higher scores on quality of life assessments compared to people taking twice daily tacrolimus immediate release.

Detailed description

Despite improvement in short-term graft outcomes in organ transplant, transplant patients still have to take on complex medication regimens to achieve current results. Adherence to these complex medications is an important problem in light of the potential risk of acute and chronic rejection and the associated burden of increased hospitalization, cost, and diminished quality of life that results from missed doses and poor overall drug taking. Part of the diminished quality of life is also tied to the bothersome symptoms patient feel after transplant. Most patients experience symptoms that relate to either the overall transplant immunosuppression or medication specific side effects. In the BENEFIT and BENEFIT-EXT trials, \>60% of patients reported tiredness and lack of energy as an issue. Sleep problems, mood swings, restlessness, anxiety, depression, and concentration and memory difficulties appeared in approximately 50-60% of patients. In addition to these symptoms, \>38% patients also reported numerous others side effects that have been strongly associated with calcineurin-inhibitors such as tacrolimus that include dizziness, muscle cramps, trembling hands, tingling in hands and feet, and headache. The investigators hypothesize that the use of once-daily Envarsus XR® could decrease some transplant- and tacrolimus-related adverse symptoms and potentially lead to improvement in quality of life and medication adherence when compared to twice-daily tacrolimus. In order to assess this hypothesis, a prospective, multi-center, randomized, open-label, pilot study to investigate medication adherence and patient reported symptom occurrence and interference with daily life comparing once-daily Envarsus XR® and twice-daily immediate release tacrolimus in adult renal transplant recipients (SIMPLE) is being proposed.

Interventions

Once daily Envarsus XR

DRUGTacrolimus twice daily

Twice daily tacrolimus

Sponsors

Veloxis Pharmaceuticals
CollaboratorINDUSTRY
Mayo Clinic
Lead SponsorOTHER

Study design

Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE

Eligibility

Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

* Patient is an adult (18 years of age or older). * Treatment with Envarsus XR® or immediate-release, twice-daily tacrolimus has been indicated by patient's transplant care team. * Patient is a recipient of a deceased or living donor kidney transplant. * Patient is able to comply with study procedures for the entire length of the study. * Patient has been informed about the study survey and has signed an informed consent form.

Exclusion criteria

* Patient is unable or unwilling to complete study patient reported outcome questionnaires. * Patient is currently receiving azathioprine * Patient is currently receiving an mTOR inhibitor (sirolimus, everolimus) * Patient is currently receiving an belatacept * Patient has received investigational immunosuppression 1 month prior to transplant or post-transplant * Patient is in a setting where a professional care taker is responsible for dispensing subject's medication.

Design outcomes

Primary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Mean Change in Calcineurin Inhibitor-related Symptoms Severity ScoreBaseline; 12 monthsThe CIRS is a questionnaire that assesses five symptoms (from the Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events \[PRO-CTCAE\]) that have been shown to be associated with calcineurin inhibitors. These symptoms include trembling hands, muscle cramps, muscle weakness, swollen gums, and increased hair growth. Each symptom is based on symptom severity in the last 7 days scaled from 0 (none) - 4 (very severe). The cumulative score ranges from 0-20, with higher scores indicating a worse outcome.

Secondary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Number of Subjects With a Moderately Severe, Severe or Very Severe Score on Any CIRS Item12 monthsNumber of subjects in each treatment group with a moderately severe, severe or very severe score (2, 3 or 4) on any CIRS item. The CIRS is a questionnaire that assesses five symptoms (from the Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events \[PRO-CTCAE\]) that have been shown to be associated with calcineurin inhibitors. These symptoms include trembling hands, muscle cramps, muscle weakness, swollen gums, and increased hair growth. Each symptom is based on symptom severity in the last 7 days scaled from 0 (none) - 4 (very severe). The cumulative score ranges from 0-20, with higher scores indicating a worse outcome.
Change in the Number of Subjects Who Had a Reduction in Severity of Calcineurin Inhibitor-related Symptoms4 months; 12 monthsThe change in the number of subjects with a reduction in a CIRS item score from a severe or very severe score (3 to 4) to a mild to moderate (1 or 2) score from 4 months to 12 months.
Change in the Number of Subjects Who Had at Least One Calcineurin Inhibitor-related Symptom Reduced by 1 Point or Greater4 months; 12 months.The change in the number of subjects with a reduction in any single CIRS item by 1 point or greater from 4 months to 12 months.
Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Mean Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score.Baseline; 12 monthsThe TRS is a 30-item questionnaire capturing 15 symptoms (from PRO-CTCAE) that have been shown to be associated with transplant and general health-related quality of life improvement. These symptoms include change in taste, constipation, diarrhea, swelling in arms or legs, palpitations, dry skin, darkening of skin, blurry vision, headache, insomnia, anxiety, sadness, discouraged, increase in appetite, and fatigue. Each symptom is based on symptom severity in the last 7 days and scaled from 0 (none) - 4 (very severe). Total scores range from 0 to 120, with higher scores indicating a worse outcome.
Change in Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL), as Measured by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29 (PROMIS-29) Health Profile.Baseline; 12 monthsThe PROMIS-29 questionnaire measures physical and mental health outcomes for patients. Patients responded to 29 questions in seven categories: physical function, pain interference, depressive symptoms, anxiety, ability to participate in social activities, and sleep disturbance. Scores were scaled so that an average healthy person would score 50 points. A higher score represents a worse outcome. Patient questionnaire responses are scored using the PROMIS-29 scoring algorithm. Scores were scaled to a mean of 50 for a healthy reference population with a standard deviation of 10.
Change in the Severity Score in Each of the Five Individual CIRS ItemsBaseline; 12 monthsThe change in the severity score in each of the five individual CIRS items: trembling hands, muscle cramps, muscle weakness, swollen gums, and increased hair growth. The CIRS is a questionnaire that assesses five symptoms (from the Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events \[PRO-CTCAE\]) that have been shown to be associated with calcineurin inhibitors. These symptoms include trembling hands, muscle cramps, muscle weakness, swollen gums, and increased hair growth. Each symptom is based on symptom severity in the last 7 days scaled from 0 (none) - 4 (very severe), with higher scores indicating a worse outcome.
Change in Overall Tolerability or Patient Bother Due to Side EffectsBaseline; 12 monthsMeasured by item GP5 (I am bothered by side effects of treatment) from the FACT-G Questionnaire. FACT-G GP5 is a single-item measure from the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) scale, specifically designed to assess patient-reported tolerability to cancer treatments. Subjects are asked to rate their level of tolerability on a scale of 0 (not at all bothered) to 4 (very much bothered), with a higher score indicating a worse outcome.
Change in Medication Adherence12 monthsDefined as the percentage of prescribed doses taken each day
Change in Patient Medication Satisfaction as Assessed by Question 14 of the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication.Baseline; 12 monthsQuestion 14 of the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication measures medication satisfaction on a 7-item scale ranging from 0 (Extremely Dissatisfied) to 7 (Extremely Satisfied), with higher scores indicating better satisfaction.
Correlation Between de Novo DSA and Degree of Taking and Timing Adherence4 months; 12 monthsProportion of patients at different adherence thresholds of taking and timing adherences between 4 months and 12 months post transplant will be correlated with the presence or absence of dnDSA by 12 months post-transplant
Adverse Events12 monthsNumber of adverse events reported
Change in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomBaseline; 12 monthsThe change in the transplant related symptoms score in each of the fifteen individual TRS items: change in taste, constipation, diarrhea, swelling in arms or legs, palpitations, dry skin, darkening of skin, blurry vision, headache, insomnia, anxiety, sadness, depression, increase in appetite, and fatigue. The TRS is a multi-item questionnaire capturing 15 symptoms (from PRO-CTCAE) that have been shown to be associated with transplant and general health-related quality of life improvement. These symptoms include change in taste, constipation, diarrhea, swelling in arms or legs, palpitations, dry skin, darkening of skin, blurry vision, headache, insomnia, anxiety, sadness, depression, increase in appetite, and fatigue. Each symptom is based on symptom severity in the last 7 days and scaled from 0 (none) - 4 (very severe), with higher scores indicating a worse outcome.

Countries

United States

Participant flow

Pre-assignment details

28 subjects withdrew prior to randomization.

Participants by arm

ArmCount
Tacrolimus Twice-daily
Subjects assigned to this arm took tacrolimus two times daily by mouth, at the clinically prescribed dose. Tacrolimus twice daily: Twice daily tacrolimus
109
Envarsus XR
Subjects assigned to this arm took Envarsus XR one time daily by mouth, at the clinically prescribed dose. Envarsus XR: Once daily Envarsus XR
124
Total233

Withdrawals & dropouts

PeriodReasonFG000FG001
Overall StudyDeath13
Overall StudyDrug Conversion03
Overall StudyWithdrawal by Subject01

Baseline characteristics

CharacteristicTacrolimus Twice-dailyEnvarsus XRTotal
Age, Continuous55.97 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.38
53.91 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.77
54.95 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.09
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
African American or Black
11 Participants31 Participants42 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
American Indian or Alaska Native
2 Participants0 Participants2 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Asian
3 Participants1 Participants4 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Hispanic or Latino
0 Participants5 Participants5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
2 Participants0 Participants2 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Unknown
0 Participants1 Participants1 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
White
91 Participants86 Participants177 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
109 participants124 participants233 participants
Sex/Gender, Customized
Female
45 Participants46 Participants91 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized
Male
64 Participants77 Participants141 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized
Unknown
0 Participants1 Participants1 Participants

Adverse events

Event typeEG000
affected / at risk
EG001
affected / at risk
deaths
Total, all-cause mortality
1 / 1093 / 124
other
Total, other adverse events
0 / 1090 / 124
serious
Total, serious adverse events
0 / 1090 / 124

Outcome results

Primary

Mean Change in Calcineurin Inhibitor-related Symptoms Severity Score

The CIRS is a questionnaire that assesses five symptoms (from the Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events \[PRO-CTCAE\]) that have been shown to be associated with calcineurin inhibitors. These symptoms include trembling hands, muscle cramps, muscle weakness, swollen gums, and increased hair growth. Each symptom is based on symptom severity in the last 7 days scaled from 0 (none) - 4 (very severe). The cumulative score ranges from 0-20, with higher scores indicating a worse outcome.

Time frame: Baseline; 12 months

Population: 20 subjects in the Tacrolimus arm and 45 subjects in the Envarsus arm did not complete the CIRS questionnaire at the 12-month mark, therefore no data exists for those 65 subjects.

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyMean Change in Calcineurin Inhibitor-related Symptoms Severity Score-2.977 score on a scaleStandard Deviation 14.053
Envarsus XRMean Change in Calcineurin Inhibitor-related Symptoms Severity Score-3.139 score on a scaleStandard Deviation 14.846
p-value: 0.944t-test, 2 sided
Secondary

Adverse Events

Number of adverse events reported

Time frame: 12 months

ArmMeasureValue (NUMBER)
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyAdverse Events0 events
Envarsus XRAdverse Events0 events
Secondary

Change in Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL), as Measured by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29 (PROMIS-29) Health Profile.

The PROMIS-29 questionnaire measures physical and mental health outcomes for patients. Patients responded to 29 questions in seven categories: physical function, pain interference, depressive symptoms, anxiety, ability to participate in social activities, and sleep disturbance. Scores were scaled so that an average healthy person would score 50 points. A higher score represents a worse outcome. Patient questionnaire responses are scored using the PROMIS-29 scoring algorithm. Scores were scaled to a mean of 50 for a healthy reference population with a standard deviation of 10.

Time frame: Baseline; 12 months

Population: 36 subjects in the Tacrolimus arm and 56 subjects in the Envarsus arm did not complete the PROMIS-29 questionnaire at the 12-month mark, therefore no data exists for those 92 subjects.

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL), as Measured by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29 (PROMIS-29) Health Profile.-10 score on a scale
Envarsus XRChange in Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL), as Measured by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29 (PROMIS-29) Health Profile.-20 score on a scale
p-value: 0.008Kruskal-Wallis
Secondary

Change in Medication Adherence

Defined as the percentage of prescribed doses taken each day

Time frame: 12 months

Population: Data for this outcome measure were not collected in either treatment arm. The electronic data capture system was configured incorrectly and did not include the fields required to record medication adherence. As a result, the study team was unable to collect adherence data for any participants.

Secondary

Change in Overall Tolerability or Patient Bother Due to Side Effects

Measured by item GP5 (I am bothered by side effects of treatment) from the FACT-G Questionnaire. FACT-G GP5 is a single-item measure from the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) scale, specifically designed to assess patient-reported tolerability to cancer treatments. Subjects are asked to rate their level of tolerability on a scale of 0 (not at all bothered) to 4 (very much bothered), with a higher score indicating a worse outcome.

Time frame: Baseline; 12 months

Population: 21 subjects in the Tacrolimus arm and 45 subjects in the Envarsus arm did not complete the FACT-G questionnaire at the 12-month mark, therefore no data exists for those 66 subjects.

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in Overall Tolerability or Patient Bother Due to Side Effects0 score on a scale
Envarsus XRChange in Overall Tolerability or Patient Bother Due to Side Effects0 score on a scale
p-value: 0.754Kruskal-Wallis
Secondary

Change in Patient Medication Satisfaction as Assessed by Question 14 of the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication.

Question 14 of the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication measures medication satisfaction on a 7-item scale ranging from 0 (Extremely Dissatisfied) to 7 (Extremely Satisfied), with higher scores indicating better satisfaction.

Time frame: Baseline; 12 months

Population: 99 subjects in the Tacrolimus arm and 116 subjects in the Envarsus arm did not complete the Treatment Satisfaction questionnaire at the 12-month mark, therefore no data exists for those 215 subjects.

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in Patient Medication Satisfaction as Assessed by Question 14 of the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication.0 score on a scale
Envarsus XRChange in Patient Medication Satisfaction as Assessed by Question 14 of the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication.1 score on a scale
p-value: 0.371Kruskal-Wallis
Secondary

Change in the Number of Subjects Who Had a Reduction in Severity of Calcineurin Inhibitor-related Symptoms

The change in the number of subjects with a reduction in a CIRS item score from a severe or very severe score (3 to 4) to a mild to moderate (1 or 2) score from 4 months to 12 months.

Time frame: 4 months; 12 months

Population: 29 subjects in the Tacrolimus arm and 54 subjects in the Envarsus arm did not complete the CIRS questionnaire at the 4-month mark, therefore no data exists for those 83 subjects. 2 subjects in the Tacrolimus arm only filled out a portion of the survey at the 4-month mark, due to this those two subjects were not included in the analysis for this outcome as a change in reduction of symptoms from very severe/severe to mild/moderate could not be calculated.

ArmMeasureValue (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS)
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in the Number of Subjects Who Had a Reduction in Severity of Calcineurin Inhibitor-related Symptoms8 Participants
Envarsus XRChange in the Number of Subjects Who Had a Reduction in Severity of Calcineurin Inhibitor-related Symptoms8 Participants
Secondary

Change in the Number of Subjects Who Had at Least One Calcineurin Inhibitor-related Symptom Reduced by 1 Point or Greater

The change in the number of subjects with a reduction in any single CIRS item by 1 point or greater from 4 months to 12 months.

Time frame: 4 months; 12 months.

Population: 29 subjects in the Tacrolimus arm and 54 subjects in the Envarsus arm did not complete the CIRS questionnaire at the 4-month mark, therefore no data exists for those 83 subjects.

ArmMeasureValue (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS)
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in the Number of Subjects Who Had at Least One Calcineurin Inhibitor-related Symptom Reduced by 1 Point or Greater43 Participants
Envarsus XRChange in the Number of Subjects Who Had at Least One Calcineurin Inhibitor-related Symptom Reduced by 1 Point or Greater30 Participants
Secondary

Change in the Severity Score in Each of the Five Individual CIRS Items

The change in the severity score in each of the five individual CIRS items: trembling hands, muscle cramps, muscle weakness, swollen gums, and increased hair growth. The CIRS is a questionnaire that assesses five symptoms (from the Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events \[PRO-CTCAE\]) that have been shown to be associated with calcineurin inhibitors. These symptoms include trembling hands, muscle cramps, muscle weakness, swollen gums, and increased hair growth. Each symptom is based on symptom severity in the last 7 days scaled from 0 (none) - 4 (very severe), with higher scores indicating a worse outcome.

Time frame: Baseline; 12 months

Population: 20 subjects in the Tac arm and 45 subjects in the Envarsus arm didn't complete the CIRS questionnaire at the 12-month mark, therefore no data exists for those 65 subjects. 1 subject in the Tac arm and 1 in the Envarsus arm didn't complete the muscle weakness section of the questionnaire. 1 subject in the Tac arm didn't complete the swollen gums section of the questionnaire. 2 subjects in the Tac arm and 1 in the Envarsus arm didn't complete the hair growth section of the questionnaire.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEDIAN)
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in the Severity Score in Each of the Five Individual CIRS ItemsMuscle Cramps0 score on a scale
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in the Severity Score in Each of the Five Individual CIRS ItemsSwollen Gums0 score on a scale
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in the Severity Score in Each of the Five Individual CIRS ItemsMuscle Weakness0 score on a scale
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in the Severity Score in Each of the Five Individual CIRS ItemsIncreased Hair Growth0 score on a scale
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in the Severity Score in Each of the Five Individual CIRS ItemsTrembling Hands0 score on a scale
Envarsus XRChange in the Severity Score in Each of the Five Individual CIRS ItemsIncreased Hair Growth0 score on a scale
Envarsus XRChange in the Severity Score in Each of the Five Individual CIRS ItemsTrembling Hands0 score on a scale
Envarsus XRChange in the Severity Score in Each of the Five Individual CIRS ItemsMuscle Cramps0 score on a scale
Envarsus XRChange in the Severity Score in Each of the Five Individual CIRS ItemsMuscle Weakness0 score on a scale
Envarsus XRChange in the Severity Score in Each of the Five Individual CIRS ItemsSwollen Gums0 score on a scale
Comparison: Increased Hair Growthp-value: 0.513Kruskal-Wallis
Comparison: Trembling Handsp-value: 0.345Kruskal-Wallis
Comparison: Muscle Crampsp-value: 0.451Kruskal-Wallis
Comparison: Muscle Weaknessp-value: 0.953Kruskal-Wallis
Comparison: Swollen Gumsp-value: 0.579Kruskal-Wallis
Secondary

Change in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual Symptom

The change in the transplant related symptoms score in each of the fifteen individual TRS items: change in taste, constipation, diarrhea, swelling in arms or legs, palpitations, dry skin, darkening of skin, blurry vision, headache, insomnia, anxiety, sadness, depression, increase in appetite, and fatigue. The TRS is a multi-item questionnaire capturing 15 symptoms (from PRO-CTCAE) that have been shown to be associated with transplant and general health-related quality of life improvement. These symptoms include change in taste, constipation, diarrhea, swelling in arms or legs, palpitations, dry skin, darkening of skin, blurry vision, headache, insomnia, anxiety, sadness, depression, increase in appetite, and fatigue. Each symptom is based on symptom severity in the last 7 days and scaled from 0 (none) - 4 (very severe), with higher scores indicating a worse outcome.

Time frame: Baseline; 12 months

Population: 20 in Tac arm,45 in XR arm didn't complete TRS at 12months,therefore no data exists for the 65 subjects.1 in XR arm didn't complete taste/palpitation/headache/insomnia/fatigue sections.1 in Tac arm didn't complete appetite/swelling/palpitation/fatigue/anxiety/depression section.3 in XR arm didn't complete diarrhea/depression/sadness sections.2 in Tac arm didn't complete vision/sadness sections.3 in Tac arm didn't complete headache section.8 in Tac arm,7 in XR arm didn't complete darkskin section

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEDIAN)
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomDiarrhea0 score on a scale
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomFatigue-1 score on a scale
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomAnxiety0 score on a scale
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomTaste Change0 score on a scale
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomAppetite0 score on a scale
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomConstipation0 score on a scale
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomSwelling0 score on a scale
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomPalpitations0 score on a scale
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomDry Skin0 score on a scale
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomDarker Skin0 score on a scale
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomBlurry Vision0 score on a scale
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomHeadache0 score on a scale
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomInsomnia-1 score on a scale
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomDepression0 score on a scale
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomSadness0 score on a scale
Envarsus XRChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomDepression0 score on a scale
Envarsus XRChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomDiarrhea0 score on a scale
Envarsus XRChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomDry Skin0 score on a scale
Envarsus XRChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomFatigue-1 score on a scale
Envarsus XRChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomInsomnia0 score on a scale
Envarsus XRChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomDarker Skin0 score on a scale
Envarsus XRChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomTaste Change0 score on a scale
Envarsus XRChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomAnxiety0 score on a scale
Envarsus XRChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomAppetite0 score on a scale
Envarsus XRChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomBlurry Vision0 score on a scale
Envarsus XRChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomConstipation0 score on a scale
Envarsus XRChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomSadness0 score on a scale
Envarsus XRChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomSwelling0 score on a scale
Envarsus XRChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomHeadache0 score on a scale
Envarsus XRChange in Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score in for Each Individual SymptomPalpitations0 score on a scale
Comparison: Taste Changep-value: 0.314Kruskal-Wallis
Comparison: Appetitep-value: 0.486Kruskal-Wallis
Comparison: Constipationp-value: 0.452Kruskal-Wallis
Comparison: Diarrheap-value: 0.75Kruskal-Wallis
Comparison: Swellingp-value: 0.764Kruskal-Wallis
Comparison: Palpitationsp-value: 0.726Kruskal-Wallis
Comparison: Dry Skinp-value: 0.421Kruskal-Wallis
Comparison: Darker Skinp-value: 0.679Kruskal-Wallis
Comparison: Blurry Visionp-value: 0.779Kruskal-Wallis
Comparison: Headachep-value: 0.533Kruskal-Wallis
Comparison: Insomniap-value: 0.668Kruskal-Wallis
Comparison: Fatiguep-value: 1Kruskal-Wallis
Comparison: Anxietyp-value: 0.232Kruskal-Wallis
Comparison: Depressionp-value: 0.566Kruskal-Wallis
Comparison: Sadnessp-value: 0.038Kruskal-Wallis
Secondary

Correlation Between de Novo DSA and Degree of Taking and Timing Adherence

Proportion of patients at different adherence thresholds of taking and timing adherences between 4 months and 12 months post transplant will be correlated with the presence or absence of dnDSA by 12 months post-transplant

Time frame: 4 months; 12 months

Population: Data for this outcome measure were not collected in either treatment arm. The electronic data capture system was configured incorrectly and did not include the fields required to record correlation between de novo DSA and degree of taking and timing adherence. As a result, the study team was unable to collect correlation between de novo DSA and degree of taking and timing adherence data on any participant.

Secondary

Number of Subjects With a Moderately Severe, Severe or Very Severe Score on Any CIRS Item

Number of subjects in each treatment group with a moderately severe, severe or very severe score (2, 3 or 4) on any CIRS item. The CIRS is a questionnaire that assesses five symptoms (from the Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events \[PRO-CTCAE\]) that have been shown to be associated with calcineurin inhibitors. These symptoms include trembling hands, muscle cramps, muscle weakness, swollen gums, and increased hair growth. Each symptom is based on symptom severity in the last 7 days scaled from 0 (none) - 4 (very severe). The cumulative score ranges from 0-20, with higher scores indicating a worse outcome.

Time frame: 12 months

Population: 20 subjects in the Tacrolimus arm and 45 subjects in the Envarsus arm did not complete the CIRS questionnaire at the 12-month mark, therefore no data exists for those 65 subjects.

ArmMeasureValue (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS)
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyNumber of Subjects With a Moderately Severe, Severe or Very Severe Score on Any CIRS Item18 Participants
Envarsus XRNumber of Subjects With a Moderately Severe, Severe or Very Severe Score on Any CIRS Item28 Participants
p-value: 0.01Chi-squared
Secondary

Transplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Mean Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score.

The TRS is a 30-item questionnaire capturing 15 symptoms (from PRO-CTCAE) that have been shown to be associated with transplant and general health-related quality of life improvement. These symptoms include change in taste, constipation, diarrhea, swelling in arms or legs, palpitations, dry skin, darkening of skin, blurry vision, headache, insomnia, anxiety, sadness, discouraged, increase in appetite, and fatigue. Each symptom is based on symptom severity in the last 7 days and scaled from 0 (none) - 4 (very severe). Total scores range from 0 to 120, with higher scores indicating a worse outcome.

Time frame: Baseline; 12 months

Population: 20 subjects in the Tacrolimus arm and 45 subjects in the Envarsus arm did not complete the TRS questionnaire at the 12-month mark, therefore no data exists for those 65 subjects.

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Tacrolimus Twice-dailyTransplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Mean Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score.-1.375 score on a scaleStandard Deviation 9.882
Envarsus XRTransplant-related Symptoms as Measured by the Difference in Mean Transplant-related Symptoms (TRS) Score.-1.069 score on a scaleStandard Deviation 8.421
p-value: 0.836t-test, 2 sided

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Feb 6, 2026